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Table 1 Baseline characteristics, interventions, and mortality

From: Mortality risk over time after early fluid resuscitation in African children

 

Randomised group

Total (n = 3141)

Albumin bolus (n = 1050)

Saline bolus (n = 1047)

Control (no bolus) (n = 1044)

Baseline characteristics

 Age (median (IQR) months)

23 (14, 37)

23 (13, 37)

25 (14, 40)

24 (13, 38)

 Female sex

474 (45%)

480 (46%)

498 (48%)

1452 (46%)

 Malariaa

590 (57%)

612 (59%)

593 (57%)

1795 (57%)

 Impaired consciousnessb

811 (77%)

828 (79%)

759 (73%)

2398 (76%)

 Respiratory distress

874 (83%)

854 (82%)

857 (83%)

2585 (83%)

 Impaired perfusion

  Capillary refill > 2 s

263 (25%)

299 (29%)

257 (25%)

819 (26%)

  Lower limb temperature gradientc

620 (59%)

629 (61%)

610 (58%)

1859 (59%)

  Weak radial pulse

210 (20%)

239 (23%)

206 (19%)

655 (21%)

  Severe tachycardiad

736 (70%)

721 (69%)

738 (71%)

2195 (70%)

Interventions

 One or more boluses received

1045 (99%)

1041 (99%)

1 (< 1%)

2087 (67%)

 Two or more boluses received

318 (30%)

306 (29%)

6 (< 1%)

630 (20%)

Mortality

 Deaths by 48 h

111 (11%)

110 (11%)

76 (7%)

297 (9%)

 Deaths by 28 days

128 (12%)

126 (12%)

91 (9%)

345 (11%)

  Cardiogenic deaths

56 (5%)

51 (5%)

29 (3%)

137 (4%)

  Neurological deaths

33 (3%)

33 (3%)

36 (3%)

102 (3%)

  Respiratory deaths

27 (3%)

29 (3%)

16 (2%)

72 (2%)

  Unknown/other TCE

12 (1%)

12 (1%)

10 (1%)

34 (1%)

 Median time to death (hours) (IQR)e

10.4 (2.8, 26.5)

8.1 (2.9, 21.8)

7.8 (1.8, 27.0)

8.5 (2.5, 23.8)

  1. aPositive for malaria parasitaemia on either a rapid diagnostic test or a microscopy slide
  2. bImpaired consciousness was defined as prostration or coma. Prostration: the inability of a child older than 8 months of age to sit upright or the inability of a child 8 months of age or younger to breast-feed. Coma: the inability to localise a painful stimulus)
  3. cLower limb temperature gradient, defined as a notable temperature change from cold (dorsum of foot) to warm (knee) when running the back of hand from the toe to the knee
  4. dWeak pulse: weak radial pulse or severe tachycardia, defined as heart rate > 180 beats per minute (bpm) for children < 1 year old, > 160 bpm for those 1 to 4 years old, and > 140 bpm for those ≥ 5 years old)
  5. eMedian test p = 0.53 comparing the two bolus groups