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Table 1 Baseline characteristics, severity, and microbiology of pulmonary superinfections and outcomes

From: Clinical significance of lymphocytopenia in patients hospitalized with pneumonia caused by influenza virus

Characteristics

Total influenza pneumonia (38)

Influenza CAP (29)

< 724 lymphocytes/μl (n = 23)

> 724 lymphocytes/μl (n = 15)

p value*

< 724 lymphocytes/μl (n = 20)

> 724 lymphocytes/μl (n = 9)

p value

Age, years

71 (57–80)

76 (66–80)

0.681

70 (58–78)

78 (66–80)

0.681

Male sex

6 (26%)

8 (53%)

0.291

4 (20%)

4 (44%)

0.188

N/L ratio

14.8 (9.4–19.3)

4.9 (1.6–8.6)

< 0.001

15.5 (12.9–30.6)

6.8 (3.3–7.8)

< 0.001

Current smoking

17 (74%)

6 (40%)

0.098

15 (75%)

3 (33%)

0.034

Alcohol abuse

1 (4%)

0 (0%)

0.413

1 (5%)

0 (0%)

0.502

Corticosteroid

1 (4%)

1 (7%)

0.754

1 (5%)

1 (11%)

0.754

Influenza virus CAP

20 (87%)

9 (60%)

0.368

–

–

–

Influenza virus HAP

3 (13%)

6 (40%)

0.656

–

–

–

Comorbidity

 Cardiovascolar

18 (78%)

10 (67%)

0.428

16 (80%)

5 (56%)

0.188

 Neurologic

7 (30%)

6 (40%)

0.543

6 (30%)

4 (44%)

0.470

 Psychiatric

2 (9%)

0 (0%)

0.240

2 (10%)

0 (0%)

0.334

 Gastroenteric

4 (17%)

6 (40%)

0.122

2 (10%)

3 (33%)

0.135

 COPD

8 (35%)

1 (7%)

0.046

7 (35%)

1 (11%)

0.188

 Autoimmune

3 (13%)

2 (13%)

0.979

3 (15%)

1 (11%)

0.776

 Nephrologic

6 (26%)

6 (40%)

0.367

3 (15%)

4 (44%)

0.096

 Neoplastic

2 (9%)

1 (7%)

0.820

2 (10%)

1 (11%)

0.936

 Metabolic

10 (43%)

3 (20%)

0.136

9 (45%)

2 (22%)

0.245

 Genetic

1 (4%)

2 (13%)

0.315

1 (5%)

1 (11%)

0.561

 Pregnancy

0 (0%)

1 (7%)

0.209

0 (0%)

1 (11%)

0.138

 Diabetes

6 (26%)

3 (20%)

0.666

5 (25%)

2 (22%)

0.864

Charlson comorbidity index

5 (2–7)

4 (2–5)

0.209

5 (2–7)

4 (2–5)

0.209

Influenza type

 A

13 (57%)

12 (80%)

0.136

8 (40%)

6 (80%)

0.050

 A-H1N1

10 (43%)

3 (20%)

0.135

3 (15%)

3 (33%)

0.276

 B

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1.000

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1.000

Severity

 ICU

12 (52%)

0 (0%)

0.002

5 (25%)

0 (0%)

0.105

 SOFA score

3 (2–4)

1 (1–2)

0.004

3 (2–4)

1 (1–2)

0.013

 No oxygen support

1 (4%)

3 (20%)

0.124

1 (5%)

7 (78%)

< 0.001

 NIV

4 (17%)

1 (7%)

0.339

4 (20%)

1 (11%)

0.559

 IMV

8 (35%)

0 (0%)

0.031

7 (35%)

0 (0%)

0.045

 ECMO

2 (9%)

0 (0%)

0.240

2 (10%)

0 (0%)

0.334

Pulmonary superinfection

 Total superinfection

7 (30%)

0 (0%)

0.021

6 (30%)

0 (0%)

0.069

 A. baumannii, P. jiroveci

1 (4%)

0 (0%)

0.413

1 (5%)

0 (0%)

0.502

 A. baumannii

1 (4%)

0 (0%)

0.413

1 (5%)

0 (0%)

0.502

 MRSA, S. maltophila, A. fumigatus

1 (4%)

0 (0%)

0.413

1 (5%)

0 (0%)

0.502

 C. striatum

1 (4%)

0 (0%)

0.413

1 (5%)

0 (0%)

0.502

 A. fumigatus

3 (13%)

0 (0%)

0.413

2 (10%)

0 (0%)

0.334

Outcome

 LOS, days

20 (11–40)

22 (11–45)

0.633

20 (11–39)

12 (10–22)

0.633

 Mortality

7 (30%)

2 (13%)

0.411

6 (30%)

1 (11%)

0.277

  1. Data are presented as median (interquartile range (IQR) 25–75%) for continuous variables or as simple frequencies (n) and percentages for categorical variables
  2. N/L ratio neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio, CAP community-acquired pneumonia, HAP hospital-acquired pneumonia, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ICU intensive care unit, SOFA score Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, NIV non-invasive ventilation, IMV invasive mechanical ventilation, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, LOS length of stay
  3. *For comparisons between groups, Fisher’s exact test was used for dichotomous variables, the χ2 test was used for non-ordered categorical variables and the Mann-Whitney test was used for continuous variables
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Critical Care

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