Table 1 Patient demographic, hemodynamic, acid-base, and perfusion characteristics
All patients, n = 89 | 28-day survivors, n = 64 | 28-day non-survivors, n = 25 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Age (years) | 70 (62–78) | 69 (61–78) | 72 (58–77) | 0.31 |
Male, n (%) | 39 (61%) | 14 (56%) | 0.81 | |
APACHE II | 23 (18–27) | 21 (17–25) | 29 (23–33) | < 0.001 |
SOFA | 9 (7–12) | 8 (6–10) | 12 (10–13) | < 0.001 |
Mechanical ventilation | 32 (36%) | 17 (43%) | 15 (75%) | 0.03 |
Source | ||||
Respiratory | 2 (26%) | 11 (17%) | 12 (48%) | n/a |
Abdominal | 31 (35%) | 26 (41%) | 5 (20%) | n/a |
Urinary | 26 (29%) | 22 (34%) | 4 (16%) | n/a |
Others | 9 (%) | 5 (8%) | 4 (16%) | n/a |
Temperature (°C) | 37.3 (36.7–38.5) | 37.2 (36.8–38.4) | 37.4 (36.6–38.9) | 0.91 |
Hematocrit (%) | 35 (29–39) | 33 (28–39) | 37 (32–39) | 0.23 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.3 (10.4–13.8) | 12.2 (10.4–13.8) | 12.4 (10.9–13.9) | 0.87 |
Bilirubin (mcmol/L) | 17.5 (9.0–29.0) | 18 (10–32) | 15 (6–26) | 0.25 |
Hemodynamics | ||||
HR, beats/min | 100 (91–115) | 96 (91–103) | 102 (94–112) | 0.81 |
MAP, mmHg | 75 (67–85) | 79 (68–85) | 71 (65–87) | 0.39 |
CVP, mmHg | 8 (5–12) | 7 (6–11) | 9 (7–13) | 0.59 |
Resuscitation before HSI | ||||
Fluids, mL | 3360 (2525–3394) | 3552 (3164–3786) | 3290 (2518–3576) | 0.71 |
Noradrenaline dose, mcg/kg/min | 0.11 (0.08–0.17) | 0.1 (0.06–0.14) | 0.15 (0.1–0.27) | 0.003 |
Duration of noradrenaline infusion, h | 14 (5–23) | 14 (7–23) | 11 (3–21) | 0.23 |
Dobutamine, n (%) | 9 (10%) | 6 (9%) | 3 (12%) | 0.85 |
Dobutamine dose, mcg/kg/min | 9.2 (7.6–12.1) | 8.9 (7.8–12.1) | 9.5 (7.6–13.0) | 0.68 |
Acid-base parameters | ||||
pH (arterial) | 7.36 (7.28–7.47) | 7.39 (7.31–7.46) | 7.31 (7.21–7.37) | 0.007 |
PaCO2, mmHg | 31 (27–36) | 30 (27–35) | 33 (29–37) | 0.18 |
PaO2, mmHg | 93 (72–126) | 88 (69–120) | 107 (77–127) | 0.44 |
PaO2/FiO2, mmHg | 250 (173–332) | 263 (195–374) | 191 (145–254) | 0.04 |
Perfusion parameters | ||||
Lactate, mmol/L | 2.3 (1.2–4.1) | 2.6 (1.9–4.2) | 3.7 (2.0–5.4) | 0.3 |
Mottling score | 0 (0;4) | 0 (0;3) | 0 (0;4) | < 0.001 |
0 | 62 (69%) | 51 (80%) | 11 (40%) | n/a |
1 | 10 (11%) | 8 (13%) | 2 (8%) | n/a |
2 | 14 (16%) | 4 (6%) | 10 (40%) | n/a |
3 | 3 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (8%) | n/a |
4 | 1 (1%) | 0 | 1 (4%) | n/a |