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Table 1 ‘PICOS’ approach for selecting clinical studies in the systematic search. PICOS Patient, Population, or Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study Design or Setting

From: The association between premorbid beta blocker exposure and mortality in sepsis—a systematic review

PICOS

Study characteristics

1. Participants

Patients with sepsis and/or septic shock

2. Intervention

Premorbid exposure to beta blockers

3. Comparison

No premorbid exposure to beta blockers

4. Outcomes

Mortality

5. Study design

Prospective observational or retrospective cohort studies