|
A
|
| |
Baseline (T1)
|
During PLR (T2)
|
Baseline (T3)
|
After VE (T4)
|
Group R/NR
|
Study period
|
R/NRstudy period
|
|
CRT, s
|
CRT-R (n = 15)
|
3.6 [2.8, 6.0]
|
2.3 [1.6, 3.6]
|
NA
|
2.1 [1.8, 2.9]*
|
< 0.001
|
0.972
|
< 0.001
|
|
CRT-NR (n = 19)
|
2.6 [2.3, 3.3]
|
2.6 [2.0, 3.1]
|
NA
|
2.6 [2.0, 3.1]
| | | |
|
CI, L min−1 m−2
|
CRT-R (n = 15)
|
2.5 [2.0, 3.1]
|
2.8 [2.5, 3.3]
|
2.5 [2.1, 3.2]
|
3.0 [2.7, 3.2]
|
0.987
|
< 0.001
|
0.829
|
|
CRT-NR (n = 19)
|
2.5 [2.2, 3.1]
|
2.8 [2.5, 3.5]
|
2.4 [2.1, 3.3]
|
3.1 [2.6, 3.4]
| | | |
|
SVi, mL m−2
|
CRT-R (n = 15)
|
31 [24, 35]
|
34 [27, 37]
|
30 [24, 36]
|
33 [30, 40]
|
0.787
|
0.001
|
0.997
|
|
CRT-NR (n = 19)
|
27 [22, 35]
|
31 [30, 37]
|
27 [21, 36]
|
32 [27, 36]
| | | |
|
HR, min−1
|
CRT-R (n = 15)
|
96 [73.0, 104]
|
97 [72, 105]
|
96 [73, 106]
|
93 [70, 105]*
|
0.700
|
0.674
|
0.537
|
|
CRT-NR (n = 19)
|
93 [78, 112]
|
94 [78, 110]
|
95 [79, 110]
|
91 [80, 108]
| | | |
|
SAP, mmHg
|
CRT-R (n = 15)
|
97 [90, 116]
|
116 [102, 136]
|
107 [94, 132.]
|
118 [105, 136]
|
0.624
|
0.477
|
0.554
|
|
CRT-NR (n = 19)
|
104 [94, 116]
|
112 [99, 116]
|
98 [94, 110]
|
112 [104, 119]
| | | |
|
DAP, mmHg
|
CRT-R (n = 15)
|
52 [46, 57]
|
53 [46, 64]
|
49 [43, 54]
|
57 [45, 66]
|
0.958
|
0.524
|
0.249
|
|
CRT-NR (n = 19)
|
51 [41, 56]
|
51 [47, 56]
|
51 [46, 54]
|
51 [46, 57]
| | | |
|
MAP, mmHg
|
CRT-R (n = 15)
|
70 [62, 75.]
|
71 [65, 82]
|
68 [60, 73]
|
76 [69, 81]
|
0.714
|
0.101
|
0.932
|
|
CRT-NR (n = 19)
|
67 [61, 70]
|
67 [63, 76.]
|
64 [58, 70]
|
68. [63, 75]
| | | |
|
PP, mmHg
|
CRT-R (n = 15)
|
49 [36, 65.]
|
55 [46, 83]
|
58 [44, 83]
|
60 [46, 75]
|
0.321
|
0.051
|
0.548
|
|
CRT-NR (n = 19)
|
53 [41, 64]
|
56 [49, 63]
|
51 [44, 58]
|
58 [50, 72]
| | | |
|
SpO2, %
|
CRT-R (n = 15)
|
98 [97, 100]
|
99 [97, 100]
|
99 [97, 100]
|
100 [97, 100]
|
0.353
|
0.143
|
0.575
|
|
CRT-NR (n = 19)
|
99 [95,100]
|
98 [95, 100]
|
97 [93, 100]
|
99 [96, 100]
| | | |
|
EtCO2, mmHg
|
CRT-R (n = 15)
|
34 [32, 44]
|
36 [32, 45]
|
34 [30, 43]
|
34 [29.7, 45.5]
|
0.708
|
0.175
|
0.548
|
|
CRT-NR (n = 19)
|
37 [31, 46]
|
36 [32, 44]
|
35 [30, 43]
|
36 [31, 43]
| | | |
|
CVP, mmHg
|
CRT-R (n = 15)
|
8 [7, 11]
|
11 [9, 14]
|
8 [6, 11]
|
10 [7, 13]
|
0.678
|
0.906
|
0.543
|
|
CRT-NR (n = 19)
|
6 [3, 9]
|
7 [5, 12]
|
5 [2, 8]
|
6 [4, 9]
| | | |
|
B
|
| |
Baseline (T1)
|
After VE (T4)
|
p value
|
|
Oxygen delivery, mL min−1 m−2
|
CRT-R (n = 14)
|
313 [254–361]
|
370 [317–399]
|
0.002
|
|
CRT-NR (n = 14)
|
355 [309–440]
|
397 [327–458]
|
0.003
|
|
p value
|
0.24
|
0.697
| |
|
Oxygen uptake, mL min−1 m−2
|
CRT-R (n = 14)
|
103 [88–109]
|
100 [90–109]
|
0.357
|
|
CRT-NR (n = 14)
|
97 [64–119]
|
104 [80–133]
|
0.375
|
|
p value
|
0.401
|
0.697
| |
|
Oxygen extraction ratio
|
CRT-R (n = 14)
|
0.34 [0.26–0.40]
|
0.28 [0.22–0.33]
|
0.024
|
|
CRT-NR (n = 14)
|
0.28 [0.23–0.30]
|
0.24 [0.19–0.33]
|
0.583
|
|
p value
|
0.051
|
0.608
| |
- Values are median [IQR]. A mixed-effect linear model was used to compute p value. Dunnett’s test was performed for multiple comparisons to the baseline
- *p < 0.05
- CRT capillary refill time, CI cardiac index, CVP central venous pressure, DAP diastolic arterial pressure, EtCO2 end-tidal carbon dioxide, HR heart rate, IQR 25th–75th interquartile range, MAP mean arterial pressure, CRT-R responders to volume expansion defined as patients showing a decrease in CRT of at least 25% after volume expansion, CRT-NR non-responders to volume expansion define as patients showing a decrease in CRT after VE of less than 25%, PLR passive leg raising, PP pulse pressure, SAP systolic arterial pressure, DAP diastolic arterial pressure, SpO2 dioxygen pulse saturation, SVi stroke volume index, VE volume expansion
