Capillary refill time variation induced by passive leg raising predicts capillary refill time response to volume expansion

Jacquet-Lagrèze, Matthias; Bouhamri, Nourredine; Portran, Philippe; Schweizer, Rémi; Baudin, Florent; Lilot, Marc; Fornier, William; Fellahi, Jean-Luc

doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2560-0

Critical Care

Table 2 Changes in haemodynamic (A) and metabolic (B) parameters over the study period

From: Capillary refill time variation induced by passive leg raising predicts capillary refill time response to volume expansion

A
		Baseline (T1)	During PLR (T2)	Baseline (T3)	After VE (T4)	Group R/NR	Study period	R/NRstudy period
CRT, s	CRT-R (n = 15)	3.6 [2.8, 6.0]	2.3 [1.6, 3.6]	NA	2.1 [1.8, 2.9]*	< 0.001	0.972	< 0.001
CRT, s	CRT-NR (n = 19)	2.6 [2.3, 3.3]	2.6 [2.0, 3.1]	NA	2.6 [2.0, 3.1]
CI, L min⁻¹ m⁻²	CRT-R (n = 15)	2.5 [2.0, 3.1]	2.8 [2.5, 3.3]	2.5 [2.1, 3.2]	3.0 [2.7, 3.2]	0.987	< 0.001	0.829
CI, L min⁻¹ m⁻²	CRT-NR (n = 19)	2.5 [2.2, 3.1]	2.8 [2.5, 3.5]	2.4 [2.1, 3.3]	3.1 [2.6, 3.4]
SVi, mL m⁻²	CRT-R (n = 15)	31 [24, 35]	34 [27, 37]	30 [24, 36]	33 [30, 40]	0.787	0.001	0.997
SVi, mL m⁻²	CRT-NR (n = 19)	27 [22, 35]	31 [30, 37]	27 [21, 36]	32 [27, 36]
HR, min⁻¹	CRT-R (n = 15)	96 [73.0, 104]	97 [72, 105]	96 [73, 106]	93 [70, 105]*	0.700	0.674	0.537
HR, min⁻¹	CRT-NR (n = 19)	93 [78, 112]	94 [78, 110]	95 [79, 110]	91 [80, 108]
SAP, mmHg	CRT-R (n = 15)	97 [90, 116]	116 [102, 136]	107 [94, 132.]	118 [105, 136]	0.624	0.477	0.554
SAP, mmHg	CRT-NR (n = 19)	104 [94, 116]	112 [99, 116]	98 [94, 110]	112 [104, 119]
DAP, mmHg	CRT-R (n = 15)	52 [46, 57]	53 [46, 64]	49 [43, 54]	57 [45, 66]	0.958	0.524	0.249
DAP, mmHg	CRT-NR (n = 19)	51 [41, 56]	51 [47, 56]	51 [46, 54]	51 [46, 57]
MAP, mmHg	CRT-R (n = 15)	70 [62, 75.]	71 [65, 82]	68 [60, 73]	76 [69, 81]	0.714	0.101	0.932
MAP, mmHg	CRT-NR (n = 19)	67 [61, 70]	67 [63, 76.]	64 [58, 70]	68. [63, 75]
PP, mmHg	CRT-R (n = 15)	49 [36, 65.]	55 [46, 83]	58 [44, 83]	60 [46, 75]	0.321	0.051	0.548
PP, mmHg	CRT-NR (n = 19)	53 [41, 64]	56 [49, 63]	51 [44, 58]	58 [50, 72]
SpO₂, %	CRT-R (n = 15)	98 [97, 100]	99 [97, 100]	99 [97, 100]	100 [97, 100]	0.353	0.143	0.575
SpO₂, %	CRT-NR (n = 19)	99 [95,100]	98 [95, 100]	97 [93, 100]	99 [96, 100]
EtCO₂, mmHg	CRT-R (n = 15)	34 [32, 44]	36 [32, 45]	34 [30, 43]	34 [29.7, 45.5]	0.708	0.175	0.548
EtCO₂, mmHg	CRT-NR (n = 19)	37 [31, 46]	36 [32, 44]	35 [30, 43]	36 [31, 43]
CVP, mmHg	CRT-R (n = 15)	8 [7, 11]	11 [9, 14]	8 [6, 11]	10 [7, 13]	0.678	0.906	0.543
CVP, mmHg	CRT-NR (n = 19)	6 [3, 9]	7 [5, 12]	5 [2, 8]	6 [4, 9]
B
		Baseline (T1)			After VE (T4)			p value
Oxygen delivery, mL min⁻¹ m⁻²	CRT-R (n = 14)	313 [254–361]			370 [317–399]			0.002
	CRT-NR (n = 14)	355 [309–440]			397 [327–458]			0.003
	p value	0.24			0.697
Oxygen uptake, mL min⁻¹ m⁻²	CRT-R (n = 14)	103 [88–109]			100 [90–109]			0.357
	CRT-NR (n = 14)	97 [64–119]			104 [80–133]			0.375
	p value	0.401			0.697
Oxygen extraction ratio	CRT-R (n = 14)	0.34 [0.26–0.40]			0.28 [0.22–0.33]			0.024
	CRT-NR (n = 14)	0.28 [0.23–0.30]			0.24 [0.19–0.33]			0.583
	p value	0.051			0.608

Values are median [IQR]. A mixed-effect linear model was used to compute p value. Dunnett’s test was performed for multiple comparisons to the baseline
*p < 0.05
CRT capillary refill time, CI cardiac index, CVP central venous pressure, DAP diastolic arterial pressure, EtCO₂ end-tidal carbon dioxide, HR heart rate, IQR 25th–75th interquartile range, MAP mean arterial pressure, CRT-R responders to volume expansion defined as patients showing a decrease in CRT of at least 25% after volume expansion, CRT-NR non-responders to volume expansion define as patients showing a decrease in CRT after VE of less than 25%, PLR passive leg raising, PP pulse pressure, SAP systolic arterial pressure, DAP diastolic arterial pressure, SpO₂ dioxygen pulse saturation, SVi stroke volume index, VE volume expansion

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