Fig. 2

Circulating glycocalyx degradation products predict clinically relevant outcomes in sepsis patients presenting to the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center or St. Vincent’s Hospital Emergency Departments. a Elevated levels of circulating heparan sulfate at emergency department (ED) presentation were associated with a diagnosis of severe sepsis or septic shock within the ensuing 72 h (n = 100). b Heparan sulfate levels correlated with increased severity of illness (SOFA) at the time of ED presentation (n = 100). c Measures of circulating heparan sulfate in septic patients at ED presentation (n = 100) were significantly associated with mortality. d Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for plasma heparan sulfate (at ED presentation) as a predictor of later in-hospital mortality. e Heparan sulfate plasma concentrations at ED presentation were elevated in septic patients with positive bacterial blood cultures. Three blood samples that grew Staph. epidermidis (contaminant) were excluded. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.0001. Parentheses represent number of patients