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Table 1 The impact of closed blood sampling systems on blood loss, hemoglobin levels, and transfusion rates

From: Interventions to prevent iatrogenic anemia: a Laboratory Medicine Best Practices systematic review

Study (year)

Absolute effect (95% CI)

Relative effect

Effect rating

Quality rating

Consistency

Strength of evidence

Impact on blood loss (mL/day)

 MacIsaac (2003) [22]

11.4a (-19.1, 41.9)

27%

Moderate

Good

Consistent

Moderate

 Gleason (1992) [26]

34.0 (10.1, 57.9)

49%

Substantial

Fair

 Peruzzi (1993) [25]

24.0 (7.0, 41.0)

27%

Moderate

Good

 Widness (2005) [5]

NRb

24%

Moderate

Good

Impact on hemoglobin decline (g/L/day)

 MacIsaac (2003) [22]

-2.2 (-10.4, 6.0)c

-1.2

Minimal

Good

Inconsistent

Insufficient

 Mukhopadhyay (2010) [24]

1.5 (0.6, 2.4)

32

Substantial

Fair

 Mukhopadhyay (2011) [23]

0.3 (0.1, 0.5)d

6

Minimal

Fair

 Peruzzi [25]

1.4 (-0.9, 3.7)

36

Substantial

Good

 Rezende [27]

0.7 (-0.5, 1.2)

50

Substantial

Good

 Thorpe [28]

-0.7 (-0.9, -0.4)c

-1

Minimal

Good

Transfusion risk (≥ 1 transfusion/admission)

 MacIsaac [22]

0.6 (0.3, 0.9)

75%

Substantial

Good

Inconsistent

Insufficient

 Mukhopadhyay [24]

1.4 (0.9, 2.3)

-44%

Substantial

Fair

 Peruzzi [25]

1.2 (0.7, 2.3)

-17%

Moderate

Good

 Rezende [27]

0.7 (0.5, 1.2)

75%

Substantial

Good

  1. aAdjusted for median length of stay, which differed between groups
  2. bGraphical representation only
  3. cGreater decline among the intervention group
  4. dNon-transfused patients only