Fig. 4

Providing mixed long- and medium-chain triglycerides to lean septic mice altered lipid metabolism. The effects on lipid metabolism of providing lean (Ln) septic with either standard mixed parenteral nutrition (PN) or a lipid-rich PN (Lipid) for 5 days. a Relative mRNA expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in the muscle. b Muscle in vitro palmitate oxidation. c Relative mRNA expression of genes involved in hepatic fatty acid oxidation. d Hepatic in vitro palmitate oxidation. e Total hepatic triglyceride (TG) content (as μmol TG per total liver weight (mg)). f Total muscle TG content (as nmol TG per total muscle weight (mg)). g Liver histology, arrow indicates lipid accumulation. Scale bars are 50 μm. h Plasma free fatty acid (FFA), i TG, j LDL-cholesterol, and k HDL-cholesterol concentration. Gene expression data are normalized to Rn18s or Hprt and presented relative to the mean of Ln healthy control mice (Ctrl). a, c, e, f, h, i, j, l Ln Ctrl n = 24; Ln Sepsis: PN n = 23, Lipid n = 23. b, d Ln Ctrl n = 18; Ln Sepsis: PN n = 14, Lipid n = 14. Data are means ± SEM. p values determined through Wilcoxon or Student’s t test [Wilcoxon p values: a Cd36 p = 0.03, b p = 0.03, c Ppara p = 0.009, Cpt1a p < 0.0001, Acadl p = 0.0008, Hadha p = 0.01, e p < 0.0001, f p = 0.006, h p < 0.0001, i p < 0.0001, j p < 0.0001, k p < 0.0001; ANOVA p values: a Cpt1b p = 0.03, Acadl p < 0.0001, Hadha p = 0.4, c Cd36 p < 0.0001, d p = 0.003]. § p ≤ 0.05, §§ p ≤ 0.01, §§§ p ≤ 0.001 between Ctrl and Sepsis and * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001 between Sepsis groups