Table 1 Characteristics of patients treated with renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury in intensive care units from 2007 to 2016
Year | P for trend | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | ||
Number of patients on RRT | 3892 | 4139 | 3526 | 4917 | 5255 | 5788 | 5841 | 6065 | 6365 | 5970 | |
Proportion of AKI-D patients in all ICU patients (%) | 4.3 | 4.6 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | |
Age (years, mean) | 67.5 | 67.7 | 68.3 | 68.0 | 68.1 | 68.5 | 68.3 | 68.8 | 69.0 | 68.7 | < 0.001 |
Sex (male, %) | 65.3 | 66.5 | 65.8 | 65.9 | 65.7 | 65.9 | 65.1 | 66.9 | 65.7 | 64.7 | 0.481 |
Main diagnosis category (%) | |||||||||||
(i) Sepsis | 23.3 | 25.4 | 26.4 | 27.5 | 26.6 | 25.8 | 26.6 | 26.0 | 26.3 | 27.5 | 0.002 |
(ii) Cardiovascular surgery | 13.3 | 13.4 | 15.0 | 14.9 | 14.8 | 15.3 | 14.9 | 15.6 | 15.8 | 14.8 | < 0.001 |
(iii) Coronary artery disease | 10.8 | 10.1 | 9.8 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 6.9 | < 0.001 |
(iv) Non-coronary heart disease | 27.0 | 27.4 | 25.9 | 26.1 | 26.6 | 27.8 | 26.9 | 26.8 | 27.3 | 27.1 | 0.451 |
(v) Central nervous system disorders | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 0.736 |
(vi) Trauma | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 2.7 | 3.3 | < 0.001 |
(vii) Other | 17.5 | 15.1 | 14.7 | 14.8 | 14.7 | 14.6 | 15.6 | 15.3 | 14.6 | 13.9 | 0.002 |
Route of ICU admission (%) | |||||||||||
Emergency room | 61.4 | 61.5 | 61.5 | 59.0 | 59.2 | 59.6 | 61.3 | 63.3 | 62.5 | 62.6 | < 0.001 |
Operation room | 16.5 | 17.9 | 18.9 | 22.3 | 23.8 | 24.5 | 23.7 | 22.7 | 24.7 | 24.8 | < 0.001 |
Ward | 22.1 | 20.6 | 19.6 | 18.8 | 17.0 | 15.9 | 15.0 | 14.0 | 12.9 | 12.5 | < 0.001 |
Charlson comorbidity index (%) | |||||||||||
Score 0 | 33.1 | 30.8 | 29.8 | 28.8 | 29.0 | 28.9 | 29.3 | 28.5 | 29.0 | 27.4 | < 0.001 |
Score 1 | 16.5 | 16.9 | 16.9 | 15.7 | 16.6 | 16.4 | 16.2 | 16.5 | 15.3 | 14.7 | < 0.001 |
Score 2 | 25.4 | 26.4 | 25.8 | 26.2 | 26.6 | 25.3 | 25.1 | 26.6 | 26.2 | 25.7 | < 0.001 |
Score 3 | 14.1 | 13.9 | 14.4 | 15.2 | 14.8 | 15.7 | 15.8 | 14.8 | 15.9 | 15.8 | < 0.001 |
Score ≥ 4 | 10.9 | 12.1 | 13.2 | 14.0 | 13.1 | 13.7 | 13.5 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 16.3 | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease (%) | 24.6 | 26.3 | 25.0 | 25.4 | 26.5 | 26.9 | 26.7 | 26.7 | 26.4 | 26.6 | 0.01 |
Duration from hospital admission to RRT initiation (days, median [IQR]) | 3 [1, 13] | 3 [2, 12] | 3 [2, 13] | 3 [2, 13] | 3 [2, 13] | 3 [2, 12] | 3 [2, 11] | 3 [2, 10] | 3 [2, 9] | 3 [2, 9] | < 0.001 |
RRT modality (CRRT, %) | 77.8 | 80.5 | 81.7 | 79.8 | 77.1 | 75.1 | 74.5 | 73.5 | 73.1 | 74.5 | < 0.001 |
Treatment on day of RRT initiation (%) | |||||||||||
Mechanical ventilation | 49.8 | 50.8 | 52.1 | 52.8 | 51.1 | 51.1 | 50.0 | 49.6 | 49.8 | 50.9 | 0.114 |
Any blood transfusion | 45.4 | 46.0 | 45.7 | 50.9 | 50.4 | 49.0 | 48.3 | 47.7 | 46.3 | 47.6 | 0.486 |
Red blood cell concentrates | 37.5 | 38.5 | 37.9 | 43.0 | 43.2 | 41.8 | 40.8 | 40.4 | 39.5 | 40.8 | 0.026 |
Fresh frozen plasma | 25.6 | 25.3 | 25.9 | 28.5 | 28.0 | 27.9 | 28.3 | 27.4 | 25.8 | 26.3 | 0.465 |
Platelets | 16.1 | 17.0 | 15.7 | 18.9 | 18.8 | 19.2 | 18.1 | 18.2 | 17.1 | 16.6 | 0.500 |
Any vasoactive drug | 62.6 | 61.9 | 62.8 | 61.8 | 61.2 | 59.0 | 57.6 | 57.7 | 56.7 | 58.1 | < 0.001 |
Dopamine | 53.2 | 50.7 | 51.0 | 49.6 | 45.9 | 40.5 | 35.2 | 30.8 | 26.8 | 24.4 | < 0.001 |
Dobutamine | 24.0 | 24.0 | 23.5 | 21.2 | 20.5 | 21.3 | 20.6 | 20.1 | 20.5 | 20.6 | < 0.001 |
Norepinephrine | 31.7 | 32.5 | 33.3 | 35.8 | 38.4 | 38.8 | 41.0 | 43.4 | 44.0 | 46.1 | < 0.001 |
Epinephrine | 12.1 | 11.5 | 11.3 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 9.8 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 0.003 |
Intra-aortic balloon pumping | 6.8 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 6.2 | 0.162 |
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.3 | < 0.001 |
Plasma exchange | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 0.008 |