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Table 2 Characteristics and demographic parameters of patients in the included studies

From: High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy versus conventional oxygen therapy in patients after planned extubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

Sample

size (n)

Age

(years)

Gender

(M/F)

BMI

(kg/m2)

PaO2/FiO2 at extubation

Comorbidity (n)a

Endpoints

Respiratory disease

Hypertension

Neurologic disease

Heart disease

Others

Parke 2013 [17, 28]

 HFNC group

169

65 (19–88)*

129/40

28.4 ± 5.3

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

Primary outcome: oxygenation. Secondary outcomes: Atelectasis score, length of ICU and hospital stay, 28-day mortality, oxygenation indices, escalation of respiratory support, spirometry, comfort score.

 COT group

171

66 (21–87)*

129/42

29.2 ± 5.5

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

Maggiore 2014 [12]

 HFNC group

53

65 ± 18

33/20

N/a

239.4 ± 42.4

24

N/a

N/a

6

23

Primary outcome: oxygenation. Secondary outcomes: oxygen desaturation, device displacement, requiring ventilator support#, reintubation, discomfort score.

 COT group

52

64 ± 17

35/17

N/a

241.7 ± 51.1

24

N/a

N/a

5

23

Corley 2015 [19]

 HFNC group

81

63 ± 11.4

58/23

36 ± 5.2

N/a

26

N/a

N/a

N/a

5

Primary outcome: Atelectasis score. Secondary outcomes: RR, oxygenation, subjective dyspnea, reintubation, failure of allocated treatment.

 COT group

74

65 ± 11.1

56/18

35 ± 4.3

N/a

20

N/a

N/a

N/a

6

Hernández 2016 [22]

 HFNC group

264

51 ± 13.1

164/100

< 30

227 ± 25

32

43

20

20

89

Primary outcome: reintubation within 3 days. Secondary outcomes: mortality, multiorgan failure, postextubation respiratory failure, sepsis, respiratory infection, length of ICU and hospital stay, adverse events, time to reintubation.

 COT group

263

51.8 ± 12.2

153/110

< 30

237 ± 34

30

37

34

23

79

Futier 2016 [27]

 HFNC group

108

62 ± 12

61/47

25 ± 4

N/a

10

34

N/a

N/a

76

Primary outcome: rate of hypoxemia 1 h after extubation. Secondary outcomes: pulmonary complications, length of ICU and hospital stay, in-hospital mortality.

 COT group

112

61 ± 13

64/48

25 ± 4

N/a

8

35

N/a

N/a

67

Song 2017 [18]

 HFNC group

30

66 ± 14

16/14

N/a

207 ± 27.5

19

N/a

N/a

7

4

Primary outcome: therapy success rate. Secondary outcomes: RR, HR, oxygenation indices, MAP.

 COT group

30

71 ± 13

18/12

N/a

204 ± 29

19

N/a

N/a

7

4

Fernandez 2017 [23]

 HFNC group

78

67.3 ± 12

46/32

N/a

N/a

22

N/a

N/a

9

N/a

Primary outcome: respiratory failure within 3 days. Secondary outcomes: length of ICU and hospital stay, reintubation, mortality.

 COT group

77

69.7 ± 13

55/22

N/a

N/a

24

N/a

N/a

9

N/a

Tiruvoipati 2010 [25]

 HFNC group

42

65.22 ± 17.6

20/22

N/a

> 175

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

Primary outcome: efficacy of oxygenation. Secondary outcomes: HR, RR, blood pressure, comfort score, tolerance score.

 COT group

42

65.22 ± 17.6

20/22

N/a

> 175

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

Rittayamai 2014 [13]

 HFNC group

17

66.8 ± 13.8

10/7

N/a

≥ 150

9

8

N/a

8

N/a

Primary outcome: dyspnea score. Secondary outcomes: HR, RR, MAP, comfort score.

 COT group

17

66.8 ± 13.8

10/7

N/a

≥ 150

9

8

N/a

8

N/a

Di mussi 2018 [26]

 HFNC group

14

71.5 ± 9

12/2

N/a

> 150

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

Primary outcome: neuroventilatory drive and work of breathing. Secondary outcomes: RR, oxygenation indices.

 COT group

14

71.5 ± 9

12/2

N/a

> 150

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

N/a

  1. Respiratory disease including pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and other respiratory disease; heart disease including cardiogenic pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure, and cardiac arrest
  2. M male, F female, BMI body mass index, PaO2 arterial partial pressure of oxygen, FiO2 fraction of the inspired oxygen, HFNC high-flow nasal cannula, COT conventional oxygen therapy, BMI body-mass index, SpO2 pulse oxygen saturation, RR respiratory rate, ARR absolute risk reduction, HR heart rate, MAP mean arterial pressure
  3. Plus-minus values are the means ± SDs
  4. aPatients can have more than 1 comorbidity
  5. *Values are median and interquartile range
  6. #Requiring ventilator support including any form of ventilator support, e.g., noninvasive ventilation or mechanical ventilation