Table 2 Patient clinical, biological, and echocardiographic parameters at baseline (n = 143)

Heart rate (bpm) (MD = 0)

94 ± 24

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) (MD = 0)

74 ± 12

Tidal volume (mL/Kg) (MD = 0)

6.0 ± 1.0

Respiratory rate (cycle min⁻¹) (MD = 0)

22 [18–25]

PEEP (cm H₂O) (MD = 0)

6 [5–8]

P_plateau (cm H₂O) (MD = 9)

19 [17–23]

Norepinephrine infusion rate (μg kg min⁻¹)

0.41 [0.22–0.95]

Arterial blood lactate (mMol L⁻¹) (MD = 5)

1.95 [1.3–3.55]

S_cvO₂ (MD = 58)

77 [68–83]

pH (MD = 2)

7.34 [7.25–7.40]

P_aO₂ (mmHg) (MD = 2)

99 [79–128]

P_aCO₂ (mmHg) (MD = 3)

40 [35–46]

Hemoglobin (g dL⁻¹) (MD = 2)

10.7 [9.4–12.1]

Estimated ejection fraction (MD = 7)

 < 40%

16 (11%)

 ≥ 40%

120 (84%)

VTI (cm) (MD = 0)

16.6 ± 5

E wave (m s⁻¹) (MD = 1)

0.69 ± 0.20

A wave (m s⁻¹) (MD = 3)

0.74 ± 0.23

E′ wave (m s⁻¹) (MD = 2)

0.1 [0.07–0.13]

S wave (cm s⁻¹) (MD = 13)

11.7 ± 5.1

E/A ratio (MD = 3)

1.03 ± 0.55

E/E′ ratio (MD = 3)

7.0 ± 3.7