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Table 2 Primary and secondary endpoints—vasoactive medication

From: Fluid management in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: effects of an acetate- versus lactate-buffered balanced infusion solution on hemodynamic stability (HEMACETAT)

Primary endpoint

Ringer’s acetate (n = 75), median (IQR)

Ringer’s lactate (n = 73), median (IQR)

p value

Average rate of inopressors (norepinephrine and epinephrine) [μg/kg/h] until hemodynamic stabilization

2.1 (0.5–8.1)

1.7 (0.7–8.2)

0. 989

Secondary endpoints—vasoactive medication

 Average rate of norepinephrine [μg/kg/h] until hemodynamic stabilization

1.8 (0.5–6.7)

1.5 (0.6–4.7)

0.672

 Average rate of epinephrine [μg/kg/h]§ per hour on epinephrine

0.2 (0.1–9.3)

4.5 (0.4–33.0)

0.047

 Average rate of inopressors (norepinephrine and epinephrine) [μg/kg/h] per hour on inopressors

4.1 (1.0–11.8)

3.7 (1.6–12.1)

0.959

 Average rate of norepinephrine [μg/kg/h]# per hour on norepinephrine

4.1 (1.1–11.7)

3.4 (1.5–9.5)

0.907

 Average rate of epinephrine [μg/kg/h]§ per hour on epinephrine

0.2 (0.1–9.3)

4.5 (0.4–33.0)

0.047

 Cumulative dose of inopressors [μg/kg]

22 (5–83)

20 (7–114)

0.928

 Cumulative dose of norepinephrine [μg/kg]

19 (5–71)

16 (6–61)

0.726

 Cumulative dose of epinephrine [μg/kg]

22 (5–83)

20 (7–114)

0.928

 Time on inopressors [h]°

4.8 (4.1–10.7)

6.1 (4.0–10.6)

0.505

 Time on norepinephrine [h]#°

4.8 (4.1–6.4)

4.5 (3.7–7.4)

0.836

 Time on epinephrine [h]*°

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

0.0 (0.0–3.4)

0.209

 Cumulative dose of inodilators, ICU [μg]

0 (0.0–0.0)

0 (0.0–0.0)

0.375

 Time on inodilators, ICU [min]

0 (0.0–0.0)

0 (0.0–0.0)

0.386

 Cumulative dose of vasodilators [mg]

0 (0.0–2.8)

0 (0.0–4.2)

0.844

 Time on vasodilators, ICU [h]

0 (0.0–1.7)

0 (0.0–6.4)

0.726

Secondary endpoints—fluids

 Total amount of study fluid received (mL)

6677 (5325–8479)

6104 (4769–7855)

0.272

 Total amount of fluid received other than study fluid during study period (mL)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0.976

 Total amount of fluid received after initial hemodynamic stabilization until ICU discharge (mL)

289 (104–972)

255 (121–631)

0.711

 Total amount of fluid received from the start of anesthesia to ICU discharge (mL)

7189 (5622–9120)

6644 (5400–8379)

0.234

  1. *Not including four patients who received one single-bolus injection of epinephrine only
  2. #Not including one patient who received one single-bolus injection of norepinephrine only
  3. °From intubation to end of study period defined