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Table 1 Intra-examination precision of transthoracic echocardiography measurements in sinus rhythm

From: What is the lowest change in cardiac output that transthoracic echocardiography can detect?

TTE parameters

One measurement

Two measurements

Three measurements

Four measurements

Five measurements

LV parameters

E wave

7 [4–11]%

5 [3–8]%

4 [2–6]%

4 [2–6]%

3 [2–5]%

A wave

8 [4–11]%

6 [3–8]%

5 [2–6]%

4 [2–5]%

6 [3–8]%

e’ wave

9 [5–14]%

6 [3–10]%

5 [3–8]%

5 [2–7]%

4 [2–6]%

E/A ratio

10 [5–14]%

7 [4–10]%

6 [3–8]%

5 [3–7]%

4 [2–6]%

E/e’ ratio

12 [8–18]%

8 [6–13]%

7 [5–11]%

6 [4–9]%

5 [4–8]%

s’ wave

9 [6–13]%

6 [4–9]%

5 [3–8]%

4 [3–7]%

4 [3–6]%

 VTI

6 [4–9]%

4 [3–7]%

4 [2–5]%

3 [2–5]%

3 [2–4]%

 LVEF

14 [7–17]%

10 [5–12]%

8 [4–10]%

7 [3–8]%

6 [3–7]%

RV parameters

 TAPSE

7 [5–11]%

5 [4–8]%

4 [3–6]%

4 [3–6]%

3 [2–5]%

S wave

8 [4–12]%

6 [3–8]%

5 [2–7]%

4 [2–6]%

3 [2–5]%

LV and RV dimensions

 LVEDA

7 [5–11]%

5 [3–8]%

4 [3–6]%

4 [2–5]%

3 [2–5]%

 RVEDA

9 [6–14]%

7 [4–10]%

5 [3–8]%

5 [3–7]%

4 [3–6]%

 RVEDA/LVEDA

11 [7–16]%

8 [5–12]%

6 [4–9]%

6 [3–8]%

5 [3–7]%

  1. n = 84, data are summarised as median [interquartile range]
  2. LV left ventricular, RV right ventricular, TTE transthoracic echocardiography, E early peak velocity of transmitral flow with pulsed Doppler, A atrial peak velocity of transmitral flow with pulsed Doppler, e’ early diastolic peak velocity of the lateral mitral annulus with tissue Doppler imaging, s’ systolic peak velocity of the lateral mitral annulus with tissue Doppler imaging, VTI velocity-time integral of the left ventricular outflow tract, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, S systolic peak velocity of the tricuspid annulus with tissue Doppler imaging, LVEDA left ventricular end-diastolic area, RVEDA right ventricular end-diastolic area