Fig. 3
From: What is the lowest change in cardiac output that transthoracic echocardiography can detect?
Inter-examination least significant change (LSC) between two transthoracic echocardiography examinations performed by the same operator. Data are expressed as median and interquartile ranges. a Solid lines indicate patients in sinus rhythm (n = 84). Dashed lines indicate patients with atrial fibrillation (n = 16). b Solid lines indicate patients without invasive mechanical ventilation (n = 46). Dashed lines indicate patients with invasive mechanical ventilation (n = 54). E/e’ ratio, ratio of the early peak velocity of transmitral flow over the early diastolic peak velocity of the lateral mitral annulus; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RVEDA/LVEDA ratio, ratio of the end-diastolic right over left ventricular areas; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; VTI, velocity-time integral