Fig. 1

Cumulative incidence plots evaluating sedation status and vital status during ICU stay. In this figure, we plot the cumulative incidence of death (represented by a broken red line), unassisted breathing (represented by a broken blue line), and sedation status (shaded areas) among those who are receiving assisting breathing using a Berezina plot (see Additional file 1). The shaded areas were proportional to the percentage of participants who were deeply (dark blue), moderately (blue) or adequately sedated (light blue), and agitated (pink). Our categorization of sedation is based on the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale score (RASS), and if unavailable, it is based on a conversion based on the Ramsay Scale score or the Glasgow Coma Scale score to RASS as shown in Additional file 1: Table S2. This graph excludes ICU days where a sedation score (e.g., RASS) was not recorded, giving a total number of 17,364 ICU days