Table 1 Demographics of patients with HS and non-HS OHCA
Patient characteristics | Total OHCA (n = 509) | HS OHCA (n = 348) | Non-HS OHCA (n = 161) |  | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. (%) | No. | (%) | No. | (%) | p value | |
Age groupa | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.002 |
 Infant | 24 (4.7) | 10 | 2.9 | 14 | 8.7 |  |
 Toddler | 69 (13.6) | 40 | 11.5 | 29 | 18.0 |  |
 Preschool | 98 (19.3) | 68 | 19.5 | 30 | 18.6 |  |
 School-age | 131 (25.7) | 88 | 25.3. | 43 | 26.7 |  |
 Adolescent | 187 (36.7) | 142 | 40.8 | 45 | 28.0 |  |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.092 |
 Male | 296 (58.2) | 195 | 56.0 | 101 | 62.7 |  |
 Female | 213 (41.8) | 153 | 44.0 | 60 | 37.3 |  |
Major site of injurya |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Head and neck | 202 (39.7) | 89 | 25.6 | 113 | 70.2 |  |
 Thorax | 78 (15.3) | 48 | 13.8 | 30 | 18.6 |  |
 Abdomen | 95 (18.7) | 92 | 26.4 | 3 | 1.9 |  |
 Multiple areas | 134 (26.3) | 119 | 34.2 | 15 | 9.3 |  |
Mechanism of injury | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.731 |
 MVC or RTI | 351 (69.0) | 240 | 69.0 | 111 | 68.9 |  |
 Fall | 74 (14.5) | 50 | 14.4 | 24 | 14.9 |  |
 Crush injury | 44 (8.6) | 28 | 8.0 | 16 | 9.9 |  |
 Others | 40 (7.9) | 30 | 8.6 | 10 | 6.2 |  |
Type of trauma | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.090 |
 Blunt trauma | 478 (93.9) | 323 | 92.8 | 155 | 96.3 |  |
 Penetrating trauma | 31 (6.1) | 25 | 7.2 | 6 | 3.7 |  |
Prehospital resuscitative phase | ||||||
 Time from the scene to the hospital (15)b (median, IQR) (min) | 17 (4) | 16 (5) | 17 (4) | 0.298 | ||
 Prehospital BLS duration (median, IQR) (min) | 9 (5) | 8 (4) | 9 (4) | 0.415 | ||
ED resuscitative phase | ||||||
 Initial cardiac rhythma | ||||||
  Asystole | 273 (53.6) | 188 | 54.0 | 85 | 52.8 | 0.020 |
  PEA | 139 (27.3) | 104 | 29.9 | 35 | 21.7 |  |
  VFc | 97 (19.1) | 56 | 16.1 | 41 | 25.5 |  |
 Achievement of initial volume resuscitation (2)b | 447 (88.2) | 307 | 88.7 | 140 | 87.0 | 0.565 |
 Early tranexamic acid administration (13)b | 304 (61.3) | 206 | 60.9 | 98 | 62.0 | 0.818 |
 Year of ED admission | ||||||
  < 2006 | 124 (24.4) | 85 | 24.4 | 39 | 24.2 | 0.998 |
  2006–2010 | 215 (42.2) | 147 | 42.2 | 68 | 42.2 |  |
  2011–2015 | 170 (33.4) | 116 | 33.4 | 54 | 33.6 |  |
 In-hospital CPR duration (median, IQR) (min) | 26 (8) | 24 (5) | 25 (6) | 0.420 | ||
Administration of epinephrine | ||||||
 Epinephrine injection (median, IQR) (time) | 11 (4) | 10 (3) | 9 (3) | 0.323 | ||
 Time to epinephrine treatment |  |  |  |  |  | 0.928 |
  Early (< 15 min) | 131 (25.7) | 88 | 25.3 | 43 | 26.7 |  |
  Middle (15–30 min) | 299 (58.7) | 205 | 58.9 | 94 | 58.4 |  |
  Late (> 30 min) | 79 (15.5) | 55 | 15.8 | 24 | 14.9 |  |