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Table 1 Convulsing activity of beta-lactams compared to penicillin G, from [67, 69, 70]

From: Optimization of the treatment with beta-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients—guidelines from the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (Société Française de Pharmacologie et Thérapeutique—SFPT) and the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (Société Française d’Anesthésie et Réanimation—SFAR)

Beta-lactam

Relative pro-convulsive activity (reference: penicillin G = 100)

Cefazolin

294

Cefepime

160

Penicillin G

100

Imipenem

71

Aztreonam

42

Ampicillin

21

Ceftazidime

17

Meropenem

16

Ceftriaxone

12

Piperacillin

11

Cefotaxime

8,8

Cefoxitine

1,8