Table 1 Baseline characteristics
From: The prognostic value of optic nerve sheath diameter in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage
Favorable neurological outcome (n = 186) | Poor neurological outcome (n = 37) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (year)—mean ± SD | 57.7 ± 12.1 | 63.8 ± 16.0 | 0.034 |
Gender, male—no. of patients (%) | 69 (37.1%) | 15 (40.5%) | 0.834 |
BMI (kg/m2)—mean ± SD | 23.7 ± 3.8 | 22.8 ± 3.5 | 0.219 |
Comorbidities—no. of patients (%) | |||
Hypertension | 73 (39.2) | 15 (40.5) | 0.999 |
Current smoker | 51 (27.4) | 9 (24.3) | 0.853 |
Diabetes mellitus | 10 (5.4) | 7 (18.9) | 0.013 |
Dyslipidemia | 10 (5.4) | 4 (10.8) | 0.382 |
Previous TIA or stroke | 6 (3.2) | 5 (13.5) | 0.026 |
Ischemic heart disease | 6 (3.2) | 4 (10.8) | 0.109 |
Malignancy | 6 (3.2) | 2 (5.4) | 0.867 |
Chronic kidney disease | 4 (2.2) | 3 (8.1) | 0.167 |
The interval from symptom onset to initial CT | 4.5 ± 5.9 | 2.7 ± 3.4 | 0.015 |
The interval from symptom onset to follow-up CT | 26.5 ± 13.4 | 24.5 ± 13.4 | 0.385 |
The interval from initial CT to follow-up CT | 22.0 ± 12.1 | 21.7 ± 13.7 | 0.876 |
Hunt and Hess classification—no. of patients (%) | < 0.001 | ||
2 | 98 (52.7) | 2 (5.4) | |
3 | 37 (19.9) | 3 (8.1) | |
4 | 29 (15.6) | 7 (18.9) | |
5 | 12.1 ± 3.9 | 6.4 ± 3.6 | |
Modified Fisher classification—no. of patients (%) | < 0.001 | ||
1 | 29 (15.6) | 0 (0) | |
2 | 10 (5.4) | 0 (0) | |
3 | 101 (54.3) | 9 (24.3) | |
4 | 46 (24.7) | 28 (75.7) | |
Pupil reactivity—no. of patients (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Both intact pupil reflex | 166 (89.2) | 15 (40.5) | |
One unreactive pupil | 4 (2.2) | 3 (8.1) | |
Both unreactive pupil | 16 (8.6) | 19 (51.4) | |
Aneurysm location—no. of patients (%) | 0.015 | ||
Anterior communicating artery | 51 (24.4) | 11 (29.7) | |
Anterior cerebral artery and distal | 13 (7.0) | 2 (5.4) | |
Middle cerebral artery and distal | 51 (27.4) | 5 (13.5) | |
Internal carotid artery | 11 (5.9) | 9 (24.3) | |
Posterior communicating artery | 24 (12.9) | 3 (8.1) | |
Posterior circulation | 22 (11.8) | 2 (5.4) | |
No aneurysm | 10 (5.4) | 4 (10.8) | |
Unknown | 4 (2.2) | 1 (2.7) | |
Hydrocephalus—no. of patients (%) | 85 (45.7) | 26 (70.3) | 0.011 |
Intraventricular hemorrhage—no. of patients (%) | 54 (29.0) | 28 (75.7) | < 0.001 |