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Table 4 The number of actual and predicted outcomes of prediction models in the test set

From: Emergency department triage prediction of clinical outcomes using machine learning models

Conventional 5 triage levels (ESI)

Actual number of critical care outcome, n (%)

Reference model

Lasso regression

Random forest

Gradient boosted tree

Deep neural network

Number of correctly identified outcome

Number of predicted outcome

Number of correctly identified outcome

Number of predicted outcome

Number of correctly identified outcome

Number of predicted outcome

Number of correctly identified outcome

Number of predicted outcome

Number of correctly identified outcome

Number of predicted outcome

1: Immediate (n = 768)

86 (11.1)

86

768

72

366

79

460

74

373

76

393

2: Emergent (n = 5046)

323 (6.4)

323

5046

241

2175

290

2970

249

2165

264

2387

3: Urgent (n = 19,700)

331 (1.7)

0

0

244

5395

269

7482

239

5278

255

5698

4: Semi-urgent (n = 12,344)

64 (0.5)

0

0

45

1498

52

2283

44

1464

46

1505

5: Non-urgent (n = 2783)

19 (0.7)

0

0

15

308

17

457

14

300

16

315

Overall (n = 40,641)

823 (2.0)

409

5814

617

9742

707

13,652

620

9580

657

10,298

Conventional 5 triage levels (ESI)

Actual number of hospitalization outcome, n (%)

Reference model

Lasso regression

Random forest

Gradient boosted tree

Deep neural network

Number of correctly identified outcome

Number of predicted outcome

Number of correctly identified outcome

Number of predicted outcome

Number of correctly identified outcome

Number of predicted outcome

Number of correctly identified outcome

Number of predicted outcome

Number of correctly identified outcome

Number of predicted outcome

1: Immediate (n = 768)

319 (41.5)

319

768

213

393

259

460

241

434

252

471

2: Emergent (n = 5046)

1810 (35.9)

1810

5046

1398

2702

1500

3039

1482

2875

1563

3188

3: Urgent (n = 19,700)

3628 (18.4)

3628

19,700

2528

7320

2716

8307

2626

7512

2791

8484

4: Semi-urgent (n = 12,344)

717 (5.8)

0

0

466

2103

509

2584

488

2154

524

2515

5: Non-urgent (n = 2783)

173 (6.2)

0

0

105

434

121

577

117

441

120

547

Overall (n = 40,641)

6647 (16.4)

5757

25,514

4710

12,952

5105

14,967

4954

13,416

5250

15,205

  1. Abbreviations: ESI Emergency Severity Index, ICU intensive care unit