Table 2 Pathogens and contribution of different methods to microbiological diagnosis
Entire cohort (n = 200) | Never received invasive MV after HAP (n = 78) | Received invasive MV after HAP (n = 122) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Definitive causative pathogen | 99 (50%) | 31 (40%) | 68 (56%) | 0.027 |
Gram negative non-fermenting bacteria | 39/99 (39%) | 11/31 (35%) | 28/68 (41%) | 0.59 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 30/99 (30%) | 10/31 (32%) | 20/68 (29%) | 0.78 |
S. aureus | 24/99 (24%) | 6/31 (19%) | 18/68 (27%) | 0.44 |
MSSA | 15/99 (15%) | 4/31 (13%) | 11/68 (16%) | 0.77 |
MRSA | 9/99 (9%) | 2/31 (7%) | 7/68 (10%) | 0.72 |
Gram negative enteric bacteria | 24/99 (24%) | 8/31 (26%) | 16/68 (24%) | 0.81 |
Community pathogens (S. pneumococcus, Haemophylus influenzae) | 9/99 (9%) | 3/31 (10%) | 6/68 (9%) | > 0.99 |
Virus | 3/99 (3%) | – | 3/68 (4%) | 0.55 |
Other | 9/99 (9%) | 1/31 (3%) | 8/68 (12%) | 0.27 |
Polymicrobial | 17/99 (17%) | 3/31 (10%) | 14/68 (21%) | 0.182 |
Multi-drug resistant | 40/99 (40%) | 12/31 (39%) | 28/68 (41%) | 0.82 |
Microbiological diagnosis by | ||||
Sputum | 23/99 (23%) | 11/31 (36%) | 12/68 (18%) | 0.051 |
EAT | 27/99 (27%) | – | 27/68 (40%) | < 0.001 |
FBAS | 46/99 (47%) | 15/31 (48%) | 31/68 (46%) | 0.80 |
BAL | 18/99 (18%) | 2/31 (7%) | 16/68 (24%) | 0.041 |
Pleural fluid | 6/99 (6%) | – | 6/68 (9%) | 0.051 |
Urinary antigen | 5/99 (5%) | 3/31 (10%) | 2/68 (3%) | 0.175 |
Blood culture | 14/99 (14%) | 4/31 (13%) | 10/68 (15%) | > 0.99 |
Microbiological diagnosis by | ||||
1 method | 69/99 (70%) | 27/31 (87%) | 42/68 (62%) | 0.015 |
2 methods | 20/99 (20%) | 4/31 (13%) | 16/68 (23%) | |
3 methods | 10/99 (10%) | – | 10/68 (15%) | |
Microbiological diagnosis uniquely defined by 1 method | ||||
Sputum | 10/69 (15%) | 9/27 (33%) | 1/42 (2%) | 0.001 |
EAT | 16/69 (23%) | – | 16/42 (38%) | < 0.001 |
FBAS | 29/69 (42%) | 12/27 (44%) | 17/42 (41%) | 0.81 |
BAL | 6/69 (9%) | – | 6/42 (14%) | 0.075 |
Pleural fluid | – | – | – | – |
Urinary antigen | 3/69 (4%) | 3/27 (11%) | – | 0.056 |
Blood culture | 5/69 (7%) | 3/27 (11%) | 2/42 (5%) | 0.37 |