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Table 1 General characteristics of patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)

From: Invasive and non-invasive diagnostic approaches for microbiological diagnosis of hospital-acquired pneumonia

Variable

Entire cohort (n = 200)

Age (year), mean SD

66 ± 12

Sex (male), n (%)

137 (69%)

Smoker (current or past), n (%)

105 (53%)

Alcohol abuse (current or past), n (%)

52 (26%)

Comorbid Conditions, n (%)

 Chronic heart disease

76 (38%)

 Chronic lung disease

73 (37%)

 Solid cancer

55 (28%)

 Diabetes

48 (24%)

 Chronic hepatic disease

48 (24%)

 Chronic renal failure

24 (12%)

Severity at ICU admission

 APACHE II at ICU admission, mean SD

15.8 ± 6

 SOFA at ICU admission, median [p25-p75]

6 [4–9]

Reason of ICU admission, n (%)

 Hypoxemic respiratory failure

57 (29%)

 Hypercapnic respiratory failure

32 (16%)

 Shock

28 (14%)

 Postoperative

42 (21%)

 Non-surgical abdominal condition

15 (7%)

 Altered mental status

8 (4%)

 Multiple trauma

3 (2%)

 Other

15 (7%)

Severity Scores at diagnosis

 APACHE II Score at HAP, mean SD

16.3 ± 5

 SOFA Score at HAP, median [p25-p75]

6 [4–9]

Features at diagnosis

 Temperature, mean SD

36.6 ± 1

 Leukocytes, mean SD

14,495 ± 7224

 PaO2/FiO2, mean SD

178 ± 79

 Bilateral infiltrates, n (%)

66 (33%)

 Multilobar infiltrates, n (%)

109 (55%)

 Pleural effusion, n (%)

86 (44%)

 ARDS at pneumonia diagnosis, n (%)

27 (14%)

 Previous use of antibiotic, n (%)*

151 (76%)

Outcomes

 ICU length-of-stay, days median [p25-p75]

13 [7–26]

 Hospital length-of-stay, days median [p25-p75]

37 [22–61]

 ICU mortality, n (%)

62 (31%)

  1. ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome, APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, SOFA score Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score
  2. *Not necessarily concomitant to sample collection