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Table 2 Biomarkers associated with ARDS diagnosis

From: Lung fluid biomarkers for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Biomarker

No. of study

No. of patients

RoM (95% CI)

p

Heterogeneity

Q (p value)

I2 (%)

Total phospholipases A2 activity

2[32, 47]

62

17.995 (11.381, 28.454)

< 0.05

10.54 (0.001)

90.50

Total protein

5[25, 29, 32, 44, 48]

179

9.299 (7.575, 11.414)

< 0.05

40.48 (< 0.1)

90.10

Albumin

5[21, 23, 27, 48, 57]

191

6.544 (4.908, 8.725)

< 0.05

27.35 (< 0.1)

85.40

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1

3[22, 52, 56]

135

5.525 (3.876, 7.877)

< 0.05

3.69 (0.158)

45.8

Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products

3[43, 58, 60]

162

4.901 (3.603, 7.673)

< 0.05

31.19 (0.000)

93.6

Platelet activating factor-acetyl choline

4[32, 47,48,49]

120

4.783 (3.495, 6.545)

< 0.05

71.83 (< 0.1)

95.80

Soluble TNF-α receptors II

2[28, 51]

110

3.253 (1.765, 5.993)

< 0.05

4.95 (0.026)

79.80

Hepatic growth factor

2[54, 57]

144

3.199 (1.668, 6.135)

< 0.05

0.02 (0.892)

0

Interleukin-8

7[18, 26, 36, 39, 46, 53, 54]

377

3.008 (2.322, 3.896)

< 0.05

62.08 (< 0.1)

90.30

Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1

2[16, 20]

96

2.952 (1.902, 4.581)

< 0.05

0.28 (0.6)

0

Procollagen peptide I

2[14, 23]

133

2.949 (1.867, 4.659)

< 0.05

0.11 (0.743)

0.00

Interleukin-2

2[13, 40]

67

2.761 (1.508, 5.057)

0.001

17.34 (< 0.1)

94.20

Procollagen peptide III

6[17, 23, 26, 42, 53, 57]

195

2.328 (1.456, 3.723)

< 0.05

2.81 (0.729)

0

Interleukin-6

5[18, 26, 39, 51, 55]

250

1.826 (1.170, 2.852)

0.008

9.1 (0.0059)

56

Club cell protein

3[25, 31, 35]

93

0.553 (0.369, 0.827)

0.004

3.6 (0.166)

44.40

Matrix metalloproteinases-9

2[26, 37]

43

0.548 (0.336, 0.893)

0.016

15.45 (< 0.1)

93.50

Transforming growth factor-β1

2[28, 54]

116

1.32 (0.575, 3.034)

0.513

0.93 (0.334)

0

Tumor necrosis factor-α

4[18, 28, 39, 51]

247

1.3 (0.917, 1.843)

0.14

2.97 (0.397)

0

Matrix metalloproteinases −2

2[37, 53]

52

1.066 (0.889, 1.278)

0.493

0.06 (0.814)

0

Total phospholipids

4[15, 32, 48, 49]

110

1.003 (0.862, 1.166)

0.973

34.25 (< 0.1)

91.20

Interleukin-1β

2[39, 51]

166

0.952 (0.628, 1.444)

0.817

4.23 (0.04)

76.30

Vascular endothelial growth factor

3[26, 45, 59]

194

0.812 (0.544, 1.212)

0.309

3.4 (0.183)

41.20

  1. Numbers within the square brackets were reference numbers
  2. RoM ratio of means, CI confident interval
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