Table 1 Patient characteristics between derivation and validation cohorts
Patient characteristics | Derivation cohort (N = 1175) | Validation cohort (N = 896) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
 Age (years) (mean, SD) | 63.3 (20.9) | 58.8 (21.0) | < 0.001 |
 Male Sex (N, %) | 592 (50.4%) | 473 (52.8%) | 0.266 |
Disposition | |||
 Hospital admission (N, %) | 915 (77.9%) | 567 (76.2%) | 0.397 |
 Hospital length of stay (days) (median, Q1–Q3) | 4 [1–9] | 2 [0–6] | < 0.001 |
 ICU admission (N, %) | 32 (2.7%) | 49 (5.5%) | 0.001 |
 28-day mortality (N, %) | 84 (7.1%) | 45 (5.0%) | 0.098 |
 Hospital mortality (N, %) | 108 (9.2%) | 38 (4.2%) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities | |||
 Cardiovascular disease (N, %) | 363 (30.9%) | 354 (39.5%) | 0.003 |
 Diabetes (N, %) | 216 (18.4%) | 142 (15.8%) | 0.131 |
 Malignancy (N, %) | 228 (19.4%) | 186 (20.8%) | 0.445 |
 Neurological disorders (N, %) | 135 (11.5%) | 67 (7.5%) | 0.002 |
 Respiratory disease (N, %) | 378 (32.2%) | 52 (5.8%) | < 0.001 |
 Renal disease (N, %) | 82 (7.0%) | 169 (18.9%) | < 0.001 |
Suspected source of infection | |||
 Fever of unknown origin (N, %) | 98 (8.3%) | 139 (18.4%) | < 0.001 |
 Intra-abdominal (N, %) | 158 (13.4%) | 79 (10.5%) | 0.051 |
 Respiratory (N, %) | 498 (42.4%) | 258 (34.2%) | < 0.001 |
 Skin and soft tissue (N, %) | 96 (8.2%) | 61 (8.1%) | 0.943 |
 Urogenital (N, %) | 278 (23.7%) | 164 (21.7%) | 0.323 |
 Other (N, %) | 47 (4.0%) | 53 (7.0%) | 0.010 |
Biomarkers | |||
 MR-proADM (nmol/L) (median, Q1–Q3) | 1.09 [0.69–1.71] | 1.03 [0.68–1.78] | 0.888 |
 PCT (ng/mL) (median, Q1–Q3) | 0.17 [0.07–0.77] | 0.14 [0.08–0.48] | 0.244 |
 CRP (mg/L) (median, Q1–Q3) | 32 [10–120] | 56 [15–142] | < 0.001 |