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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the patients at ECMO initiation according to hospital survival status

From: Predicting mortality in patients undergoing VA-ECMO after coronary artery bypass grafting: the REMEMBER score

Characteristic

All patients (n = 166)

Survivors (n = 74)

Non-survivors (n = 92)

p value

Age, years

61 (54–67)

57 (50–64)

63 (58–68)

< 0.001

Male

132 (80)

64 (86)

68 (74)

0.046

Weight, kg

70 (63–80)

73 (64–80)

70 (63–80)

0.173

Comorbid conditions

 Hypertension

99 (60)

38 (51)

61 (66)

0.051

 Diabetes

58 (35)

19 (26)

39 (23)

0.025

 CCS class 4 angina

55 (33)

20 (27)

35 (38)

0.134

 Smoking

92 (55)

47 (64)

45 (49)

0.060

 Chronic pulmonary disease

5 (3)

3 (4)

2 (2)

0.481

 Left main diseasea

52 (31)

13 (18)

39 (42)

0.001

Diagnosis

 Unstable angina

129 (78)

58 (78)

71 (77)

0.853

 NSTMI

11 (7)

3 (4)

8 (9)

0.378

 STMI

26 (16)

13 (18)

13 (14)

0.545

EuroSCORE

6 (4–7)

5 (3–6)

6 (5–8)

< 0.001

Operative parameters

 Emergency operation

25 (15)

8 (11)

17 (18)

0.170

 OPCABG

83 (50)

38 (51)

45 (49)

0.755

 Conversion to on-pump

44 (27)

19 (26)

25 (27)

0.828

 LIMA graft

120 (72)

55 (74)

65 (71)

0.599

 Number of distal anastomoses

3 (2–4)

3 (2–4)

3 (3–3)

0.648

 Unsuccessful weaning off CPB

60 (36)

28 (38)

32 (35)

0.684

Pre-ECMO cardiac arrest

91 (55)

40 (54)

51 (55)

0.859

ECMO initiation during CPR

28 (17)

11 (15)

17 (18)

0.537

Right ventricular failure

11 (7)

4 (5)

7 (8)

0.571

Pre-CABG IABP

32 (13)

10 (14)

22 (24)

0.091

Pre-ECMO IABP

132 (80)

62 (84)

70 (75)

0.222

IABP insertion during ECMO

7 (4)

1 (1)

6 (7)

0.208

SOFA score

12 (10–13)

11 (9–13)

13 (12–14)

< 0.001

Inotropic score*b

75 (55–93)

58 (43–83)

82 (67–99)

< 0.001

 Epinephrinec, μg/kg/min

0.5 (0.35–0.69)

0.40 (0.28–0.65)

0.57 (0.40–0.70)

< 0.001

 Dobutamined, μg/kg/min

12 (8–16)

10 (8–15)

15 (10–19)

< 0.001

 Norepinephrinee, μg/kg/min

0.1 (0.06–0.18)

0.1 (0.05–0.15)

0.1 (0.06–0.2)

0.062

Pre-ECMO blood pressureb

 SAP, mmHg

70 (58–78)

70 (59–79)

70 (55–77)

0.454

 DAP, mmHg

40 (30–50)

40 (32–50)

40 (30–45)

0.163

 MAP, mmHg

55 (45–63)

55 (49–65)

55 (45–61)

0.285

Biological parametersb

 PH

7.35 (7.30–7.39)

7.37 (7.32–7.41)

7.34 (7.28–7.39)

0.058

 Serum lactate, mmol/L

11.4 (7.8–17.4)

9.0 (5.5–14.5)

13.8 (9.4–18.4)

< 0.001

 Hemoglobin, g/dL

9.8 (8.6–10.7)

10.1 (9.2–10.8)

9.2 (8.3–10.6)

0.033

 Platelet, ×109/L

103 (58–153)

117 (63–165)

86 (52–132)

0.111

 Serum Creatininef, umol/L,

121 (91–160)

96 (80–130)

141 (108–197)

< 0.001

 CK-MBg, IU/L

143 (48–259)

103 (46–243)

157 (59–281)

0.040

  1. Data are presented as medians (25th–75th percentile) or n (%)
  2. CCS, Canadian Cardiovascular Society classification of angina; NSTMI, non ST-elevation myocardial infarction; STMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; OPCABG, off-pump CABG; LIMA, left internal mammary artery; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; SOFA score, the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score; SAP, DAP, and MAP, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure, respectively; CK-MB, creatine kinase-MB
  3. *Inotropic score, in μg/kg/min, was calculated as follows: dopamine + dobutamine + 100 × epinephrine + 100 × norepinephrine + 15 × milrinone
  4. aLeft main disease was defined as any stenosis ≥ 50% of the left main trunk
  5. bWorse value within 6 h prior ECMO cannulation
  6. cAll of the patients were treated with epinephrine
  7. dOne hundred and sixty-three patients were treated with dobutamine (73 survivors and 90 non-survivors)
  8. eOne hundred and thirty-nine patients were treated with norepinephrine (62 survivors and 77 non-survivors)
  9. fValues were obtained for 157/166 patients (69 survivors and 88 non-survivors)
  10. gValues were obtained for 160/166 patients (73 survivors and 87 non-survivors)
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Critical Care

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