From: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid dilution in ICU patients: what we should know and what we should do
Characteristics | All patients | Group A (urea plasma/urea BALF <4.2) | Group B (urea plasma/urea BALF ≥4.2) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
n = 223 | n = 110 | n = 113 | ||
Age, years | 54 (43–67) | 51 (43–66) | 56 (43–67) | 0.945 |
Gender, male | 103 (46.2) | 53 (48.2) | 50 (44.2) | 0.556 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 21.9 (18.5–23.4) | 22.1 (18.4–23.4) | 21.8 (18.5–23.4) | 0.515 |
PaO2/FiO2 | 210.4 (120.4–271.5) | 250.9 (206.7–320.5) | 137.4 (88.6–210.4) | <0.001 |
Pulmonary disease | ||||
 AECOPD | 68 (30.5) | 33 (30.0) | 35 (30.9) | 0.875 |
 CAP | 61 (27.4) | 28 (25.5) | 35 (30.9) | 0.36 |
 HAP | 33 (14.8) | 17 (15.5) | 14 (12.4) | 0.508 |
 VAP | 16 (7.2) | 7 (6.4) | 9 (7.9) | 0.643 |
 IPA | 28 (12.6) | 13 (11.8) | 15 (13.3) | 0.743 |
 Others | 17 (7.5) | 12 (9.0) | 5 (4.6) | 0.068 |
APACHE II score | 17 (13–23) | 16 (14–22) | 17 (13–23) | 0.799 |
Intubation and mechanical ventilation | 47 (21.1) | 21 (19.1) | 26 (23.0) | 0.473 |
Lesion location | ||||
 Upper lobe | 56 (25.1) | 26 (23.6) | 30 (26.5) | 0.616 |
 Middle and lower lobe | 93 (41.7) | 51 (46.4) | 42 (37.2) | 0.164 |
 Diffusive lesions | 74 (33.2) | 33 (30.3) | 41 (36.3) | 0.319 |
Sedative and narcotic drugs | ||||
 Midazolam and fentanyl | 96 (43.0) | 51 (46.4) | 45 (39.8) | 0.324 |
 Propofol and fentanyl | 89 (39.9) | 42 (38.2) | 47 (41.6) | 0.603 |
 Dexmedetomidine | 38 (17.1) | 17 (15.4) | 21 (18.6) | 0.534 |
Bronchodilators was given before BAL | 57 (25.6) | 39 (35.6) | 18 (15.9) | <0.001 |
RM before BAL | 23 (10.3) | 17 (15.5) | 6 (5.3) | 0.013 |
Operator | ||||
 Resident | 71 (31.8) | 5 (4.5) | 66 (58.4) | <0.001 |
 Primary care physician | 130 (58.3) | 93 (84.5) | 37 (32.7) | <0.001 |
 Others | 22 (9.9) | 12 (11.0) | 10 (8.9) | 0.616 |
Diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia | 178 (79.8) | 85 (77.3) | 93 (82.3) | 0.348 |
BALF GM >0.5 in IPA patients | 16 (57.1) | 11 (84.6) | 5 (33.3) | 0.019 |
Quantitative cultures of BALF >104 CFU/mL in bacterial pneumonia patients | 126 (70.8) | 77 (90.6) | 49 (52.7) | <0.001 |