Table 2 Study outcomes
|  | Group IV (N = 165) | Group EN (N = 174) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of shifts at target RASS = 0, median [IQR] | 82.9 [61.3–100] | 93.3 [70.8–100] | < 0.01 |
Percentage of shifts at observed RASS = 0/− 1, median [IQR] | 57.9 [33.3–77.8] | 60.1 [33.3–83.7] | 0.53 |
Main outcome | |||
 Percentage of shifts at RASS observed = target ±1, median [IQR] | 94.4 [77.8–100] | 89.8 [74.1–100] | 0.20 |
Secondary outcomes | |||
Percentage of adequate sedation, as judged by nurses, median [IQR] | 92.4 [80.9–100] | 89.7 [76.2–100] | 0.11 |
Percentage of shifts with protocol violation, median [IQR] | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–24.1] | < 0.01 |
Patients with protocol violation, n (%) | 7 (4.2) | 81 (46.6) | < 0.01 |
Coma-free days | 27 [19–28] | 27 [18–28] | 0.80 |
Delirium-free days | 27 [19–28] | 27 [15–28] | 0.40 |
Coma and delirium-free days | 25 [11–28] | 25 [10–28] | 0.61 |
Ventilator-free days | 21 [3–27] | 22 [2–26] | 0.89 |
Length of ICU stay | 10 [6–18] | 10 [6–18] | 0.75 |
Mortality | |||
 In ICU, n (%) | 41 (24.8) | 45 (25.9) | 0.90 |
 In hospital, n (%) | 54 (32.7) | 62 (35.6) | 0.65 |
 One year, n (%) | 68 (43.9) | 71 (43.0) | 0.82 |
Daily cost for planned sedatives, €/ventday | 1.64 [0.15–4.78] | 0.38 [0.22–0.60] | < 0.01 |
Daily cost for unplanned sedatives, €/ventday | 0 [0–0] | 0.16 [0–2.15] | < 0.01 |
Daily cost for all neuroactive drugs, €/ventday | 4.15 [1.20–20.19] | 2.39 [0.75–9.78] | 0.01 |
Self-removal of ET tube, n (%) | 4 (2.4) | 14 (8.1) | 0.03 |
Need to replace ET tube, n (%) | 3 (1.8) | 10 (5.7) | 0.09 |
Self-removal of other invasive tools, n (%) | 21 (12.7) | 29 (16.7) | 0.36 |
Unscheduled neurological tests, n (%) | 30 (18.2) | 33 (19.0) | 0.89 |