Fig. 2

Volcano plot of differential metabolites. In the volcano plot, differential metabolites (red) and nondifferential substances (blue) were determined under the conditions of fold change ≥ 2 and false discovery rate-adjusted p value threshold ≤ 0.05. The p values are transformed by −log₁₀ so that the more significantly different metabolites (with smaller p values) are higher on the y-axis. The fold change is log-transformed so that negative values represent a decrease in metabolite levels and positive values represent an increase in metabolite levels. Red and blue indicate notable and nonnotable metabolites, respectively. GPC Glycerophosphocholine, SC Short-chain acylcarnitine