Table 3 Delirium risk after antimicrobial exposure using a proportional odds logistic regression model

  First- to third-generation cephalosporins

4.61

0.78–27.11

0.091

  Fourth-generation cephalosporins

1.83

0.28–12.11

0.533

  Penicillins

1.08

0.90–1.29

0.404

  Carbapenems

2.14

0.51–9.04

0.299

 Fluoroquinolones

1.05

0.89–1.24

0.566

 Macrolides

0.16

0.03–1.03

0.054

 Other antimicrobials^a

3.14

2.27–4.35

< 0.001

Covariates

OR

95% CI

p-value

Age at enrollment

1.79

1.39–2.3

< 0.001

Mechanical ventilation at enrollment

4.75

2.51–9.0

< 0.001

Sepsis at enrollment

0.84

0.55–1.28

0.416

Modified SOFA score, same day

1.16

0.90–1.48

0.255

Charlson Comorbidity Index

0.88

0.69–1.14

0.344

IQCODE score

1.05

0.99–1.12

0.129

ICU type, surgical

0.86

0.57–1.30

0.477

 Benzodiazepines

1.03

0.68–1.59

0.875

 Propofol

0.86

0.57–1.30

0.472

 Dexmedetomidine

0.55

0.21–1.45

0.227

 Opiates

1.03

0.6–1.77

0.904

 Typical antipsychotic

1.28

0.49–3.32

0.613

 Atypical antipsychotic

2.03

0.7–5.94

0.194