Table 1 Characteristics of the study population according to the occurrence of sepsis-associated brain dysfunction
From: Impaired cerebral autoregulation is associated with brain dysfunction in patients with sepsis
|  | All (N = 100) | SABD (n = 57) | Non-SABD (n = 43) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 63 [52–72] | 66 [52–75] | 61 [53–68] | 0.14 |
Male sex, n (%) | 72 (72) | 40 (70) | 36 (84) | 0.16 |
APACHE II score on admission | 21 [15–26] | 25 [18–29] | 18 [13–24] | < 0.01 |
ICU LOS, days | 7 [4–13] | 9 [16–5] | 6 [4–10] | 0.03 |
Alive at ICU discharge, n (%) | 76 (76) | 36 (63) | 40 (93) | < 0.01 |
Comorbidities | ||||
 CKD, n (%) | 10 (10) | 7 (12) | 3 (7) | 0.51 |
 Vascular disease, n (%) | 20 (20) | 17 (30) | 3 (7) | < 0.01 |
 Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 23 (23) | 12 (21) | 10 (23) | 0.81 |
 Smoking, n (%) | 19 (19) | 8 (14) | 11 (26) | 0.20 |
 Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 45 (45) | 23 (40) | 21 (49) | 0.42 |
At time of cerebral autoregulation assessment | ||||
 Sedation, n (%) | 48 (48) | 31 (54) | 17 (40) | 0.16 |
 Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 61 (61) | 42 (74) | 19 (44) | < 0.01 |
 NMBA, n (%) | 14 (14) | 6 (11) | 8 (19) | 0.26 |
 Vasopressors, n (%) | 74 (74) | 46 (81) | 28 (65) | 0.11 |
 Norepinephrine, μg/min | 0.17 [0–0.75] | 0.33 [0.07–101] | 0.13 [0.0–0.40] | 0.44 |
 Dobutamine, μg/kg/min | 3 [2.5–5] | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0.88 |
 MAP, mmHg | 76 [67–86] | 77 [59–86] | 75 [66–86] | 0.50 |
 Heart rate, beats/min | 96 [80–108] | 98 [80–112] | 95 [80–107] | 0.09 |
 Temperature, °C | 37 [36.5–38.7] | 36.9 [36.5–37.2] | 37.0 [36.5–38.0] | 0.23 |
 FiO2 | 0.40 [0.30–0.50] | 0.40 [0.30–0.50] | 0.36 [0.28–0.40] | 0.29 |
 PEEP, cmH2O | 5 [0–10] | 6 [0–10] | 0 [0–10] | 0.05 |
 PaO2, mmHg | 79 [70–90] | 78 [70–87] | 80 [72–95] | 0.45 |
 PaCO2, mmHg | 37 [32–43] | 37 [33–44] | 37 [32–43] | 0.68 |
 pH | 7.40 [7.34–7.45] | 7.37 [7.32–7.44] | 7.43 [7.38–7.45] | 0.39 |
 ScvO2, % | 69 [64–76] | 67 [62–76] | 70 [65–77] | 0.40 |
 Lactate, mEq/L | 1.9 [1.3–2.7] | 2 [1.3–3.1] | 1.7 [1.2–2.4] | 0.02 |
 C-reactive protein, mg/L | 260 [150–340] | 260 [150–340] | 260 [190–350] | 0.63 |
 Haemoglobin, mg/dl | 9.5 [8.3–11.4] | 10 [8.4–12] | 9.6 [8.5–12] | 0.63 |
 Pro-ET-1, pg/ml | 19 [14–36] | 20 [15–48] | 15 [8–31] | 0.17 |
 Mxa | 0.29 [0.05–0.62] | 0.47 [0.21–0.64] | 0.23 [− 0.12–0.52] | < 0.01 |
 Altered CAR, n (%) | 50 (50) | 34 (60) | 27 (37) | 0.04 |
Primary site of infection, n (%) | ||||
 Abdominal | 46 (46) | 30 (53) | 16 (37) | 0.16 |
 Respiratory | 28 (28) | 14 (25) | 14 (33) | 0.50 |
 Urinary tract | 9 (9) | 6 (11) | 3 (7) | 0.73 |
 Soft tissue | 8 (8) | 2 (4) | 6 (14) | 0.07 |
 Blood/CVC | 4 (4) | 3 (5) | 1 (2) | 0.63 |
 Unknown | 6 (6) | 3 (5) | 3 (7) | 1 |
Pathogena, n (%) | ||||
 GNB | 45 (45) | 23 (40) | 22 (51) | 0.32 |
 GPB | 35 (35) | 23 (40) | 12 (28) | 0.21 |
 Fungi | 10 (10) | 6 (11) | 4 (9) | 1 |
 Virus/other | 5 (5) | 2 (4) | 3 (7) | 0.58 |
 Unknown | 23 (23) | 13 (23) | 10 (23) | 1 |