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Table 2 Meta-analysis of organ-specific morbidity between the GDFTdyn and standard fluid therapy group

From: Is goal-directed fluid therapy based on dynamic variables alone sufficient to improve clinical outcomes among patients undergoing surgery? A meta-analysis

Events

Studies, n

Patients (GDFT), n

Events (GDFT), n

Patients (control), n

Events (control), n

OR

95%CI

P value

References

Neurological events

 Stroke

  Analysis 2

7

292

3

286

10

0.38

(0.13, 1.13)

0.08

[13, 29, 34, 35, 43, 44, 49]

Cardiovascular events

 Arrhythmia

  Analysis 1

2

57

4

56

6

0.59

(0.16, 2.25)

0.44

[33, 36]

  Analysis 2

14

513

37

504

57

0.58

(0.37, 0.92)

0.02*

[13, 21, 23, 24, 27, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 43, 44, 48, 49]

 Myocardial infarction

  Analysis 2

10

423

8

416

23

0.35

(0.16, 0.76)

0.008*

[13, 20, 21, 23, 24, 30, 34, 35, 48, 49]

 Heart failure/cardiovascular dysfunction

  Analysis 1

2

57

0

56

2

0.17

(0.01, 3.73)

0.26

[33, 36]

  Analysis 2

9

403

7

400

25

0.31

(0.14, 0.67)

0.003*

[13, 29, 32, 34, 35, 43, 45, 48, 49]

Pulmonary events

 ALI/ARDS

  Analysis 1

2

57

2

56

5

0.4

(0.09, 1.86)

0.24

[33, 36]

  Analysis 2

3

170

1

170

10

0.13

(0.02, 0.74)

0.02*

[13, 43, 45]

 Pneumonia

  Analysis 1

2

57

6

56

8

0.69

(0.22, 2.15)

0.53

[33, 36]

  Analysis 2

10

423

26

420

58

0.4

(0.24, 0.65)

0.0002*

[13, 23, 29, 30, 34, 35, 43, 45, 47, 49]

 Pulmonary embolism

  Analysis 1

1

17

0

16

1

0.3

(0.01, 7.79)

0.47

[33]

  Analysis 2

6

257

0

253

2

0.31

(0.03, 3.04)

0.31

[13, 29, 30, 34, 35, 44]

Abdominal events

 GIT bleeding

  Analysis 1

3

98

5

97

5

0.98

(0.27, 3.57)

0.98

[22, 33, 36]

  Analysis 2

3

116

1

116

2

0.66

(0.11, 4.03)

0.65

[13, 35, 43]

 GIT obstruction

  Analysis 1

1

17

0

16

1

0.3

(0.01, 7.79)

0.47

[33]

  Analysis 2

5

170

4

170

5

0.83

(0.24, 2.79)

0.76

[13, 23, 30, 35, 48]

Renal events

 AKI

  Analysis 1

3

190

7

192

14

0.49

(0.19, 1.23)

0.13

[22, 31, 36]

  Analysis 2

10

444

16

444

25

0.6

(0.31, 1.17)

0.14

[13, 17, 23, 24, 30, 34, 43,44,45, 47]

 Renal failure with dialysis

  Analysis 1

2

81

2

81

0

3.08

(0.31, 30.19)

0.34

[22, 36]

  Analysis 2

7

380

7

381

8

0.87

(0.32, 2.39)

0.79

[13, 17, 18, 20, 27, 34, 45]

  1. Analysis 1: goal-directed fluid therapy based on dynamic parameters (GDFTdyn) alone versus standard fluid therapy; analysis 2: GDFTdyn with other optimization goals versus standard fluid therapy
  2. AKI acute kidney injury, ALI/ARDS acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, CI confidential interval, GDFT goal-directed fluid therapy, GDFTdyn, GIT gastrointestinal, OR odds ratio
  3. *P < 0.05
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