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Table 1 Main characteristics of included studies

From: Is goal-directed fluid therapy based on dynamic variables alone sufficient to improve clinical outcomes among patients undergoing surgery? A meta-analysis

Study

Type of surgery

Patients (GDFT), n

Patients (control), n

Risk

Age, years

GDFTdyn goals

Other goals

Monitoring devices

Interventions

Benes J

2010 [13]

Major abdominal

60

60

High

> 18

SVV < 10%

CI 2.5–4 L/min/m2

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid inotropes vasopressors

Broch O

2016 [14]

Major abdominal

39

40

High

> 18

PPV < 10%a

CI > 2.5 L/min/m2

Nexfinb

Fluid inotropes vasopressors

Buettner M

2008 [15]

Major abdominal

40

40

High

> 18

SPV < 10%

PiCCOplus

Fluid

vasopressor

Cesur S

2018 [16]

Abdominal

35

35

Moderate

> 18

PVI < 13%

Masimo Radical 7b

Fluid vasopressors

Colantonio L

2015 [17]

Major abdominal

38

42

High

> 18

SVV < 15%

SVI > 35 mL/min/m2 CI > 2.5 L/min/m2

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid inotropes

Correa-Gallego C

2015 [18]

Major abdominal

69

66

High

NR

SVV < 15%

CO > 4 L/min CI > 2 L/min/m2

FloTrac

Fluid

Demirel İ

2018 [19]

Abdominal

30

30

Moderate

> 18

PVI < 14%

Masimo Co.b

Fluid vasopressors

Elgendy MA

2017 [20]

High risk

43

43

High

NR

SVV < 12%

CI > 2.5 L/min/m2

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid inotropes vasopressors

Fellahi JL

2015 [21]

Cardiac

48

44

High

> 18

SVV ≤11%

CI > 2.4 L/min/m2

Endotracheal cardiac output monitor

Fluid inotropes

Forget P

2010 [22]

Abdominal

41

41

Moderate

> 18

PVI < 13%

Masimo Co.b

Fluid vasopressors

Funk DJ

2015 [23]

Major vascular

20

20

High

> 18

SVV < 13%

CI > 2.2 L/min/m2

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid inotropes vasopressors

Goepfert MS

2013 [24]

Cardiac

50

50

High

> 18

SVV < 10%

CI > 2 L/min/m2

PiCCOplus

Fluid inotropes vasopressors

Hand WR

2016 [25]

Head and neck

47

47

Moderate

NR

SVV < 13%

CI > 3 L/min/m2 SVR > 800 dynes/s/cm5/m2

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid inotropes vasopressors

Harten J

2008 [26]

Emergency abdominal

14

15

High

> 50

PPV < 10%

Lidco plus

Fluid

Kapoor PM

2008 [27]

Cardiac

13

14

High

NR

SVV < 10%a

CI 2.5–4.2 L/min/m2 SVI 30-65 mL/beat/m2 SVRI: 1500–2500 dynes/s/cm5/m2 DO2 450–600 mL/min/m2 ScVO2 > 70%

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid inotropes vasoactives

Kapoor PM

2016 [28]

Cardiac

60

60

High

NR

SVV < 10%a

CI 2.5–4.2 L/min/m2 SVI 30–65 mL/beat/m2 SVRI 1500–2500 dynes/s/cm5/m2 DO2 450–600 mL/min/m2 ScVO2 > 70% Hct > 30% ScVO2 > 70%

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid inotropes vasodilators

Kim HJ

2018 [29]

Head and neck

31

31

Moderate

20–80

SVV < 12%

CI > 2.5 L/min/m2

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid inotropes vasodilators

Kumar L

2016 [30]

Major abdominal

30

30

High

> 18

SVV < 10%

CI ≥2.5 L/min/m2 O2ER ≤ 27%

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid inotropes vasopressors

Lai CW

2015 [31]

Major abdominal

109

111

High

NR

SVV < 10%

LiDCOrapid

Fluid

Liang M

2017 [32]

Urologic

30

30

High

60–80

SVV 8%–13%

DO2I ≥ 500 mL/min/m2

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid inotropes

Lopes MR

2007 [33]

High risk

17

16

High

> 18

PPV < 10%

IBPplus

Fluid

Luo J

2017 [34]

Craniotomy

73

72

High

> 18

SVV < 15%

CI > 2.5 L/min/m2

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid inotropes vasopressors

Mayer J

2010 [35]

Major abdominal

30

30

High

> 18

SVV < 12%

CI > 2.5 L/min/m2 SVI > 35 mL/m2

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid inotropes vasopressors

Peng K

2014 [36]

Major orthopedic

40

40

High

> 18

SVV < 10%/14%

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid vasopressors

Pösö T

2014 [37]

Abdominal

30

20

Moderate

NR

SVV < 12%

CI ≥2.0 L/min/m2

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid inotropes vasopressors

Ramsingh DS

2013 [38]

Major abdominal

18

20

High

> 18

SVV < 12%

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid

Salzwedel C

2013 [39]

Major abdominal

79

81

High

NR

PPV < 10%

CI > 2.5 L/min/m2

ProAQT

Fluid inotropes vasopressors

Scheeren TW

2013 [40]

High risk

26

26

High

> 18

SVV < 10%

SV rise > 10%

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid

Stens J

2015 [41]

Abdominal

13

18

Moderate

> 18

PPV < 12%

CI > 2.5 L/min/m2

Nexfinb

Fluid inotropes vasopressors

Sundaram SC

2016 [42]

Intracranial tumor

30

30

High

20–80

PPV < 13%

Phillips Intellivue MP50

Fluid vasopressors

Weinberg L

2017 [43]

Major abdominal

26

26

High

> 18

SVV < 20%

CI > 2.0 L/min/m2 PaO2 > 100 mmHg Hb > 8 g/dL T > 36 °C

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid inotropes vasopressors

Wu J

2017 [44]

Intracranial tumor

33

30

High

NR

SVV < 12%

CI > 2.5 L/min/m2

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid inotropes vasopressors

Xu H

2017 [45]

Thoracic

84

84

Moderate

18–60

SVV 10– 13%

CI > 2.5 L/min/m2

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid inotropes vasopressors

Yu Y

2014 [46]

Abdominal

15

15

Moderate

20–65

PVI < 13%

Masimo Radical 7b

Fluid vasopressors

Zhang J

2013 [47]

Thoracic

30

30

Moderate

18–60

SVV 9– 11%

CI > 2.5 L/min/m2

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid inotropes

Zheng H

2013 [48]

Major abdominal

30

30

High

60–80

SVV < 12%

CI > 2.5 L/min/m2 SVI > 35 mL/m2

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid inotropes vasopressors

Zheng LS

2016 [49]

Major abdominal

39

37

High

65–90

SVV < 12%

CI > 2.5 L/min/m2

FloTrac/Vigileo

Fluid vasopressors

  1. CIx cardiac index, CO cardiac output, DO2 oxygen delivery, GDFT goal-directed fluid therapy, GDFTdyn goal-directed fluid therapy based on dynamic variables, Hb hemoglobin, Hct Red blood cell specific volume, NR not reported, O2ER O2 extraction rate, PaO2 partial pressure of oxygen, PPV pulse pressure variation, PVI pleth variability index; ScVO2 systemic central venous oxygen saturation, SPV systolic pressure variation, SV stroke volume, SVI stroke volume index, SVR systemic vascular resistance, SVRI systemic vascular resistance index, SVV stroke volume variation, T temperature
  2. aAlgorithms for GDFTdyn in these studies were performed intraoperatively and shortly after surgery, while others were performed only intraoperatively
  3. bMonitoring devices in these studies were non-invasive, while others were minimally invasive