Fig. 1

Flowchart of study cohort. In total, 569 episodes were treated for status epilepticus (SE) in our institution between January 2001 and January 2015. Among those, 159 satisfied the criteria of refractory SE. In 83 episodes, patients received treatment with continuous intravenous anesthetic drugs (cIVADs). Seven recurrent episodes were excluded, leaving 77 patients for final analysis, of whom 53 received early cIVADs and 24 received late cIVADs. Primary and secondary study outcomes are depicted. Abbreviations: cIVAD continuous intravenous anesthetic drug, RSE refractory status epilepticus, SE status epilepticus, SRSE super-refractory status epilepticus