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Fig. 1 | Critical Care

Fig. 1

From: Delay in antibiotic therapy results in fatal disease outcome in murine pneumococcal pneumonia

Fig. 1

Late antibiotic therapy failed to rescue S. pneumoniae-infected mice. Mice were infected with S. pneumoniae and assigned equally to groups and analysis time points (ntotal = 9 per time point). Starting 24 h or 48 h p.i., intervention groups were treated with ampicillin. As controls, mice were sham infected (PBS; ntotal = 7 per time point) or treated with solvent (0.9% NaCl). Survival, murine clinical score and weight assessed for all mice until designated analysis time point. Mice surviving until designated analysis time point were sacrificed for BAL and blood sampling (number analyzed per time point presented in Additional file 1: Table S1). a Kaplan–Meier curves showing survival of experimental groups, log-rank test. b Murine clinical disease score. Median and 25–75% interquartile range (IQR). c Relative weight curves. Mean ± SEM. d Bacterial burden in BAL and blood of respective mice analyzed at indicated time points. Median and 25–75% IQR. a–d Results pooled from three independent experiments per time point. b–d Two-way ANOVA/Sidak’s multiple comparisons test for comparison of ampicillin versus solvent treatment. Kruskal–Wallis test/Dunn’s multiple comparisons test for comparison to S. pneumoniae-infected mice at therapy start. *Significant difference between groups at time point, #significant difference from therapy start: */#p < 0.05, **/##p < 0.01, ***/###p < 0.001 and ****/####p < 0.0001. Abx antibiotics, BAL bronchoalveolar lavage, CFU colony forming unit, Ctr control, PBS phosphate buffered saline, p.i. post infection, S. pn. Streptococcus pneumoniae

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