Ascorbic acid, corticosteroids, and thiamine in sepsis: a review of the biologic rationale and the present state of clinical evaluation

Table 1 Ongoing and planned clinical trials of thiamine, ascorbic acid, and corticosteroids, in sepsis

Trial name	Trial identifier	Country	Population	Primary outcome
Ascorbic acid, Corticosteroids, and Thiamine in Sepsis (ACTS) Trial	NCT03389555	USA	Septic shock	Change in SOFA score
Vitamin C, Thiamine and Steroids in Sepsis (VICTAS)	NCT03509350	USA	Sepsis with acute cardiovascular or respiratory compromise	Vasopressor- and ventilator-free days
Hydrocortisone, Vitamin C, and Thiamine for the Treatment of Sepsis and Septic Shock (HYVCTTSSS)	NCT03258684	China	Sepsis or septic shock (Sepsis-3 Criteria)	Hospital mortality
The Effect of Vitamin C, Thiamine and Hydrocortisone on Clinical Course and Outcome in Patients With Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock	NCT03335124	Slovenia	Severe sepsis or septic shock	Hospital mortality
Metabolic Resuscitation Using Ascorbic Acid, Thiamine, and Glucocorticoids in Sepsis (ORANGES)	NCT03422159	USA	Sepsis or septic shock	Hospital mortality
The Vitamin C, Hydrocortisone and Thiamine in Patients With Septic Shock Trial (VITAMINS)	NCT03333278	Australia and New Zealand	Septic shock	Vasopressor-free days
Evaluation of Hydrocortisone, Vitamin C and Thiamine for the Treatment of Septic Shock (HYVITS)	NCT03380507	Qatar	Septic shock	Hospital mortality
Steroids, Thiamine, and Vitamin C in Septic Shock (STACSS)	CTRI/2018/04/013384	India	Septic shock	Shock reversal
Thiamine, Vitamin C and Hydrocortisone in the Treatment of Septic Shock	NCT03540628	USA	Septic shock	Mortality (as compared to the study by Marik et al. [6])