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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

From: Development and internal validation of the multivariable CIPHER (Collaborative Integrated Pregnancy High-dependency Estimate of Risk) clinical risk prediction model

Patient characteristics

Women with no outcome (n = 642), median (IQR) or n (%)

Women with outcome (n = 127), median (IQR) or n (%)

Age, years

31 (26–36)

27 (25–32)

Marital status

 Married

346 (53.9)

90 (70.9)

 Single

62 (9.7)

1 (0.8)

 Missing

234 (36.4)

36 (28.3)

BMI, kg/m2

26.4 (24.0–30.0)

26.2 (23.2–29.1)

Prenatal care type

 Public

383 (59.7)

54 (42.5)

 Private

208 (32.4)

73 (57.5)

 Missing

51 (7.9)

0 (0.0)

Gravidity

3 (2–4)

4 (2–5)

Parity

1 (1–2)

2 (1–3)

Details of ICU admission

Reason for admission‡

 Obstetric*

465 (72.4)

77 (60.6)

 Non-obstetric**

263 (41.0)

95 (74.8)

 Missing

3 (0.4)

0 (0.0%)

Timing of admission

 Antepartum

162 (25.2)

46 (36.2)

 Intrapartum

6 (0.9)

1 (0.8)

 Post-partum

459 (71.5)

77 (60.6)

 Missing

15 (2.3)

3 (2.4)

Gestational age in weeks at ICU admission (for women admitted antepartum)

34.4 (28.7–38.0)

30.9 (22.4–35.8)

External ICU transfer, yes

184 (28.7)

21 (16.5)

Length of ICU stay, hours

59.4 (37.0–92.1)

209.9 (110.7–309.4)

Pregnancy outcomes

Early pregnancy loss <24 weeks

 Yes

59 (9.2)

27 (21.3)

 Missing

29 (4.5)

13 (10.2)

Stillbirth

33 (5.1)

24 (18.9)

Livebirth

459 (71.5)

55 (43.3)

Mode of birth

 Vaginal

96 (19.8)

25 (30.5)

 Caesarean

387 (79.8)

57 (69.5)

 Missing

2 (0.4)

0 (0.0)

Birth weight, g

2555 (1700–3250)

2100 (1415–2700)

  1. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range
  2. *Obstetric reasons for admission included shock, massive postpartum hemorrhage, peripartum cardiomyopathy, amniotic fluid embolism, acute respiratory distress secondary to antepartum hemorrhage, pulmonary edema secondary to pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, septic abortion, other septic complications, and surgical trauma.
  3. **Non-obstetric reasons for admission included cardiac arrhythmia, pericardial effusions, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, pulmonary hypertension, cardiac arrest, pneumonia, respiratory failure or arrest, gastrointestinal perforation/obstruction, diabetic keto-acidosis, deep venous thrombosis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and severe infection with sepsis
  4. ‡ reasons are not mutually exclusive