Fig. 2
From: Ventilator-induced lung injury is aggravated by antibiotic mediated microbiota depletion in mice
Microbiota depletion prior to mechanical ventilation increased pulmonary permeability and oxygenation index in high tidal volume (HTV)-ventilated mice. Mice received antibiotic broad-spectrum therapy (ATB). Control (Ctrl) mice did not receive antibiotic treatment. Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) was induced 3 days after completing antibiotic treatment protocol by (HTV) ventilation (34 ml/kg; positive end-expiratory pressure = 2 cm H2O, 4 h). Additional groups of mice were ventilated with low tidal volume (LTV) or did not receive ventilation (NV). a Pulmonary barrier integrity index was calculated as ratio of human serum albumin (HSA) protein levels determined by ELISA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma. b Oxygenation index (OI) was calculated as the product of mean airway pressure and the fraction of inspired oxygen divided by the partial pressure of arterial oxygen. Values are given as mean and SD (a) or box plots depicting median, quartiles and range excluding outliers (open circles) (b). In a n = 8 (NV ctrl, NV ATB, LTV ctrl, HTV ctrl, HTV ATB) or n = 6 (LTV ATB); in b n = 9 (NV ctrl) or n = 8 (LTV ctrl, HTV ctrl, NV ATB, HTV ATB), or n = 6 (LTV ATB), two-way analysis of variance/Tukey’s multiple comparison test, #indicates difference in HTV ATB vs. HTV Ctrl, *as indicated, */#P <0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001