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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients with non-cardiovascular disease

From: Permissive fluid volume in adult patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment

Variables

CFB quartiles

Total

P for trend

Quartile 1

Quartile 2

Quartile 3

Quartile 4

Number of patients

79

79

80

79

317

 

Age (yr)

53.2 ± 16.2

56.1 ± 14.9

57.2 ± 15.0

56.3 ± 16.8

55.7 ± 15.7

0.192

Sex (male, %)

55 (69.6)

53 (67.1)

52 (65.0)

47 (59.5)

207 (65.3)

0.176

DM (n, %)

19 (24.1)

17 (21.5)

15 (18.8)

16 (20.3)

67 (21.1)

0.490

Hypertension (n, %)

21 (26.6)

13 (16.5)

14 (17.5)

21 (26.6)

69 (21.8)

0.962

Malignancy (n, %)

25 (31.6)

22 (27.8)

22 (27.5)

24 (30.4)

93 (29.3)

0.856

Charlson comorbidity index

2.1 ± 2.2

1.9 ± 2.0

1.6 ± 1.7

1.6 ± .2.0

1.8 ± 2.0

0.076

Weight (kg)

63.8 ± 15.8

63.1 ± 12.8

64.1 ± 16.1

61.0 ± 12.2

63.0 ± 14.3

0.300

Body mass index (kg/m2)

22.9 ± 4.4

23.4 ± 4.5

23.6 ± 5.1

22.7 ± 3.9

23.2 ± 4.5

0.900

Body surface area (m2)

1.7 ± 0.2

1.7 ± 0.2

1.6 ± 0.2

1.6 ± 0.2

1.7 ± 0.2

0.151

CFB (ml/kg)*

− 3.9 (− 19.8–6.8)

34.5 (25.6–42.7)

72.5 (60.2–87.5)

194.7 (147.8–265.5)

53.5 (16.9–106.7)

< 0.001

Daily fluid balance (ml/kg/d)*,†

4.3 (− 2.7–12.9)

12.8 (7.1–19.7)

21.1 (11.2–35.9)

54.0 (29.5–101.8)

15.9 (7.1–36.4)

< 0.001

Cumulative input (ml/kg)*,¶

195.5 (165.3–264.7)

206.4 (166.2–263.6)

246.2 (192.4–292.3)

338.6 (271.8–422.5)

231.8 (180.8–298.8)

< 0.001

Cumulative total output (ml/kg) *,¶

206.6 (163.9–274.9)

166.2 (132.2–221.7)

173.7 (126.7–217.0)

127.7 (92.0–212.9)

183.2 (130.4–233.9)

< 0.001

Cumulative urine output (ml/kg) *,¶

107.2 (8.1–180.9)

98.3 (13.2–163.5)

75.7 (15.6–127.8)

42.7 (17.3–109.8)

83.9 (14.0–159.6)

0.055

ICU LOS before ECMO (days)*

2.5 (0–6)

2 (1–4)

1 (0–5)

1 (0–5)

2 (0–5)

0.636

Daily fluid balance before ECMO (ml/kg/d)*,‡

6.8 (− 4.8–18.2)

17.0 (7.6–35.6)

12.7 (4.0–45.1)

22.0 (4.0–49.8)

12.2 (3.9–32.5)

< 0.001

ECMO cause (n, %)

 Lung transplant

17 (21.5)

14 (17.9)

12 (15.2)

5 (6.3)

48 (15.2)

0.081

 ARDS

17 (21.5)

19 (24.4)

14 (17.7)

25 (31.6)

75 (23.8)

 Other pulmonary

13 (16.5)

21 (26.9)

17 (21.5)

27 (34.2)

78 (24.8)

 Others

32 (40.5)

25 (31.6)

37 (46.3)

22 (27.8)

116 (36.6)

ECMO VA mode (n, %)

18 (22.7)

12 (15.2)

22 (27.5)

21 (26.6)

73 (23.0)

0.321

ECMO settings

      

 Blood flow rate (L/min)

3.1 ± 0.8

3.0 ± 0.7

3.1 ± 0.8

3.1 ± 0.8

3.1 ± 0.8

0.661

 Blood flow rate (L/min/m2)

1.8 ± 0.5

1.8 ± 0.4

1.8 ± 0.5

1.8 ± 0.5

1.8 ± 0.5

0.965

 FsO2 (%)

91.1 ± 13.7

92.0 ± 13.7

90.7 ± 13.6

85.0 ± 16.6

89.7 ± 14.6

0.008

 ECMO DO2I (ml/min/m2)

297.3 ± 87.9

302.6 ± 93.8

281.2 ± 89.5

306.0 ± 115.2

297.0 ± 97.6

0.889

ECMO duration (days)*

8 (4–16)

8 (3–14)

8 (3–12)

6 (3–12)

8 (3–13)

0.119

Mechanical ventilation (n, %)

77 (97.5)

77 (97.5)

78 (97.5)

78 (98.7)

310 (97.8)

0.785

Days of ventilator before ECMO (days)*

3 (1–4)

2 (2–3)

2 (0–3)

3 (1–5)

3 (1–3)

0.377

WBC (×103/μl)

11.6 ± 6.6

12.8 ± 7.2

12.1 ± 7.9

14.0 ± 8.7

12.6 ± 7.6

0.108

Hemoglobin (g/dl)

10.8 ± 2.0

11.1 ± 2.5

10.4 ± 1.9

10.3 ± 2.5

10.7 ± 2.2

0.042

SaO2 (%)*

94.0 (88.2–98.8)

94.4 (90.1–98.0)

93.2 (80.7–98.5)

95.3 (89.3–99.0)

94.4 (88.0–98.7)

0.707

BUN (mg/dl)

31.2 ± 20.6

26.3 ± 16.9

27.2 ± 14.8

29.5 ± 25.4

28.5 ± 19.9

0.684

Creatinine (mg/dl)

1.4 ± 1.0

1.2 ± 0.8

1.3 ± 0.9

1.1 ± 0.9

1.3 ± 0.9

0.305

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

89.9 ± 62.7

94.3 ± 61.0

77.7 ± 54.8

90.6 ± 51.4

88.1 ± 57.7

0.622

Albumin (g/dl)

2.7 ± 0.6

2.8 ± 0.6

2.6 ± 0.7

2.5 ± 0.7

2.7 ± 0.6

0.026

Bilirubin (mg/dl)

2.9 ± 3.7

3.4 ± 5.4

3.0 ± 3.8

1.9 ± 2.0

2.8 ± 3.9

0.108

CRP (mg/dl) *

69.7 (28.1–155.2)

74.7 (32.2–141.6)

85.0 (17.9–199.1)

99.2 (22.0–170.8)

81.2 (23.7–176.8)

0.735

APACHE II score

18.9 ± 7.3

20.0 ± 7.3

19.6 ± 7.7

24.1 ± 8.7

20.7 ± 8.0

< 0.001

  1. Abbreviations: APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome, BUN Blood urea nitrogen, CFB Cumulative fluid balance for 3 days from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation, CRP C-reactive protein, CVD Cardiovascular disease, DM Diabetes mellitus, ECMO Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, FsO2 Fraction of sweep gas inlet oxygen supplied to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, SaO2 Oxygen saturation, VA Venoarterial access, WBC White blood cell
  2. *Data are expressed as median and IQR and compared by Jonckheere-Terpstra test
  3. †Fluid balance during entire ECMO treatment
  4. ¶During 3 days from ECMO commencement
  5. ‡Daily fluid balance during ICU admission before ECMO commencement