From: Permissive fluid volume in adult patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment
Variables | CFB quartiles | Total | P for trend | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | |||
Number of patients | 79 | 79 | 80 | 79 | 317 | Â |
Age (yr) | 53.2 ± 16.2 | 56.1 ± 14.9 | 57.2 ± 15.0 | 56.3 ± 16.8 | 55.7 ± 15.7 | 0.192 |
Sex (male, %) | 55 (69.6) | 53 (67.1) | 52 (65.0) | 47 (59.5) | 207 (65.3) | 0.176 |
DM (n, %) | 19 (24.1) | 17 (21.5) | 15 (18.8) | 16 (20.3) | 67 (21.1) | 0.490 |
Hypertension (n, %) | 21 (26.6) | 13 (16.5) | 14 (17.5) | 21 (26.6) | 69 (21.8) | 0.962 |
Malignancy (n, %) | 25 (31.6) | 22 (27.8) | 22 (27.5) | 24 (30.4) | 93 (29.3) | 0.856 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 2.1 ± 2.2 | 1.9 ± 2.0 | 1.6 ± 1.7 | 1.6 ± .2.0 | 1.8 ± 2.0 | 0.076 |
Weight (kg) | 63.8 ± 15.8 | 63.1 ± 12.8 | 64.1 ± 16.1 | 61.0 ± 12.2 | 63.0 ± 14.3 | 0.300 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.9 ± 4.4 | 23.4 ± 4.5 | 23.6 ± 5.1 | 22.7 ± 3.9 | 23.2 ± 4.5 | 0.900 |
Body surface area (m2) | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 0.151 |
CFB (ml/kg)* | − 3.9 (− 19.8–6.8) | 34.5 (25.6–42.7) | 72.5 (60.2–87.5) | 194.7 (147.8–265.5) | 53.5 (16.9–106.7) | < 0.001 |
Daily fluid balance (ml/kg/d)*,†| 4.3 (− 2.7–12.9) | 12.8 (7.1–19.7) | 21.1 (11.2–35.9) | 54.0 (29.5–101.8) | 15.9 (7.1–36.4) | < 0.001 |
Cumulative input (ml/kg)*,¶ | 195.5 (165.3–264.7) | 206.4 (166.2–263.6) | 246.2 (192.4–292.3) | 338.6 (271.8–422.5) | 231.8 (180.8–298.8) | < 0.001 |
Cumulative total output (ml/kg) *,¶ | 206.6 (163.9–274.9) | 166.2 (132.2–221.7) | 173.7 (126.7–217.0) | 127.7 (92.0–212.9) | 183.2 (130.4–233.9) | < 0.001 |
Cumulative urine output (ml/kg) *,¶ | 107.2 (8.1–180.9) | 98.3 (13.2–163.5) | 75.7 (15.6–127.8) | 42.7 (17.3–109.8) | 83.9 (14.0–159.6) | 0.055 |
ICU LOS before ECMO (days)* | 2.5 (0–6) | 2 (1–4) | 1 (0–5) | 1 (0–5) | 2 (0–5) | 0.636 |
Daily fluid balance before ECMO (ml/kg/d)*,‡ | 6.8 (− 4.8–18.2) | 17.0 (7.6–35.6) | 12.7 (4.0–45.1) | 22.0 (4.0–49.8) | 12.2 (3.9–32.5) | < 0.001 |
ECMO cause (n, %) | ||||||
 Lung transplant | 17 (21.5) | 14 (17.9) | 12 (15.2) | 5 (6.3) | 48 (15.2) | 0.081 |
 ARDS | 17 (21.5) | 19 (24.4) | 14 (17.7) | 25 (31.6) | 75 (23.8) | |
 Other pulmonary | 13 (16.5) | 21 (26.9) | 17 (21.5) | 27 (34.2) | 78 (24.8) | |
 Others | 32 (40.5) | 25 (31.6) | 37 (46.3) | 22 (27.8) | 116 (36.6) | |
ECMO VA mode (n, %) | 18 (22.7) | 12 (15.2) | 22 (27.5) | 21 (26.6) | 73 (23.0) | 0.321 |
ECMO settings | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Blood flow rate (L/min) | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 3.0 ± 0.7 | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 0.661 |
 Blood flow rate (L/min/m2) | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 0.965 |
 FsO2 (%) | 91.1 ± 13.7 | 92.0 ± 13.7 | 90.7 ± 13.6 | 85.0 ± 16.6 | 89.7 ± 14.6 | 0.008 |
 ECMO DO2I (ml/min/m2) | 297.3 ± 87.9 | 302.6 ± 93.8 | 281.2 ± 89.5 | 306.0 ± 115.2 | 297.0 ± 97.6 | 0.889 |
ECMO duration (days)* | 8 (4–16) | 8 (3–14) | 8 (3–12) | 6 (3–12) | 8 (3–13) | 0.119 |
Mechanical ventilation (n, %) | 77 (97.5) | 77 (97.5) | 78 (97.5) | 78 (98.7) | 310 (97.8) | 0.785 |
Days of ventilator before ECMO (days)* | 3 (1–4) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (0–3) | 3 (1–5) | 3 (1–3) | 0.377 |
WBC (×103/μl) | 11.6 ± 6.6 | 12.8 ± 7.2 | 12.1 ± 7.9 | 14.0 ± 8.7 | 12.6 ± 7.6 | 0.108 |
Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 10.8 ± 2.0 | 11.1 ± 2.5 | 10.4 ± 1.9 | 10.3 ± 2.5 | 10.7 ± 2.2 | 0.042 |
SaO2 (%)* | 94.0 (88.2–98.8) | 94.4 (90.1–98.0) | 93.2 (80.7–98.5) | 95.3 (89.3–99.0) | 94.4 (88.0–98.7) | 0.707 |
BUN (mg/dl) | 31.2 ± 20.6 | 26.3 ± 16.9 | 27.2 ± 14.8 | 29.5 ± 25.4 | 28.5 ± 19.9 | 0.684 |
Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 0.305 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 89.9 ± 62.7 | 94.3 ± 61.0 | 77.7 ± 54.8 | 90.6 ± 51.4 | 88.1 ± 57.7 | 0.622 |
Albumin (g/dl) | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 0.026 |
Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 2.9 ± 3.7 | 3.4 ± 5.4 | 3.0 ± 3.8 | 1.9 ± 2.0 | 2.8 ± 3.9 | 0.108 |
CRP (mg/dl) * | 69.7 (28.1–155.2) | 74.7 (32.2–141.6) | 85.0 (17.9–199.1) | 99.2 (22.0–170.8) | 81.2 (23.7–176.8) | 0.735 |
APACHE II score | 18.9 ± 7.3 | 20.0 ± 7.3 | 19.6 ± 7.7 | 24.1 ± 8.7 | 20.7 ± 8.0 | < 0.001 |