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Table 1 Challenges and solutions for granting autonomy in open ICUs

From: New perspectives on substituted relational autonomy for shared decision-making in critical care

Challenges

Solutions

 • Balancing ethical responsibilities in SDM

• Cooperation

• Relational autonomy

 • Preventing burnout

• Consultant psychologist

 • Preventing moral distress

• Ethical advice

 • Managing interpersonal conflicts in end-of-life SDM

• Interdisciplinary meetings

• Staff management and dispositional organization

 • Providing valuable information

• Structured communication tools

 • Preventing relatives’ psychological disorders

• Physician's social, psychological and ethical skills

• Training

 • Embedded accuracy of the relatives’ predictions

• Offering support to relatives