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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population by net ultrafiltration Intensity

From: Net ultrafiltration intensity and mortality in critically ill patients with fluid overload

 

≤ 20 ml/kg/day (n = 475)

> 20 to ≤ 25 ml/kg/day (n = 166)

> 25 ml/kg/day (n = 434)

p value

Age (years), median (IQR)

61 (52–69)

59 (51–71)

58 (48–70)

0.16

Male sex

301 (63.4)

114 (68.7)

218 (50.2)

< 0.001

Race

 Caucasian

380 (80)

136 (81.9)

335 (77.2)

0.018

 African-American

24 (5.1)

6 (3.6)

43 (9.9)

 Other

71 (14.9)

24 (14.5)

56 (12.9)

BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR)

28.3 (24.2–34.3)

27.7 (24.2–31.7)

25.1 (21.9–29.3)

< 0.001

Comorbid condition

 Hypertension

169 (35.6)

72 (43.4)

161 (37.1)

0.19

 Diabetes

121 (25.5)

34 (20.5)

97 (22.4)

0.33

 Cardiac disease

84 (17.7)

36 (21.7)

99 (22.8)

0.14

 Heart failure

70 (14.7)

30 (18.1)

86 (19.8)

0.12

 Vascular disease

41 (8.6)

16 (9.6)

43 (9.9)

0.79

 Liver disease

164 (34.5)

47 (28.3)

107 (24.7)

0.005

 Sequela from liver disease

137 (28.8)

43 (25.9)

95 (21.9)

0.056

 Malignancy

23 (4.8)

4 (2.4)

14 (3.2)

0.26

 Liver transplantation

43 (9.1)

13 (7.8)

42 (9.7)

0.77

 Multiple comorbidity

298 (62.7)

93 (56)

252 (58.1)

0.19

Surgical admission

321 (67.6)

122 (73.5)

301 (69.4)

0.72

Medical admission

131 (27.6)

37 (22.3)

112 (25.8)

0.72

Admission for liver transplantation

102 (21.5)

31 (18.7)

53 (12.2)

0.001

Baseline serum creatinine (mg/dl), median (IQR)

1.029 (0.81–1.27)

1.035 (0.83–1.3)

1.032 (0.8–1.3)

0.89

Baseline eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

  > 90

107 (22.5)

27 (16.3)

91 (20.9)

0.54

 60–90

235 (49.5)

97 (58.4)

212 (48.9)

 30–60

89 (18.7)

30 (18.1)

92 (21.2)

 15–30

34 (7.2)

8 (4.8)

31 (7.1)

  < 15

10 (2.1)

4 (2.4)

8 (1.8)

APACHE III score, median (IQR)a

95 (70–118)

91 (71–116)

91 (69–112)

0.27

Sepsisa

128 (26.9)

39 (23.5)

138 (31.8)

0.08

Mechanical ventilationa

353 (74.3)

129 (77.7)

329 (75.8)

0.66

Vasopressora

261 (54.9)

87 (52.4)

218 (50.2)

0.36

Oliguria before initiation of RRTb

 Stage 2

50 (10.5)

9 (5.4)

21 (4.8)

0.017

 Stage 3

406 (85.5)

154 (92.8)

402 (92.6)

MAP during RRT (mmHg), mean (SD)c

 All patients

75.1 (0.58)

77.5 (1.19)

79.4 (0.62)

< 0.001

 CRRT only (n = 386)

72.7 (0.70)

72.4 (1.89)

77.5 (1.01)

< 0.001

 IHD only (n = 210)

85 (1.84)

84.1 (2.85)

82.1 (1.27)

0.77

 CRRT and IHD (n = 487)

74.5 (0.91)

79.1 (1.66)

79.7 (0.98)

0.002

Vasopressor dose (NE), median (IQR)c,d

 All patients

0.11 (0.04–0.25)

0.09 (0.03–0.21)

0.09 (0.04–0.25)

0.25

 Patients on CRRT only

0.14 (0.05–0.30)

0.13 (0.03–0.25)

0.10 (0.03–0.28)

0.31

 Patients on IHD only

0.01 (0.01–0.03)

0.06 (0.01–0.11)

0.03 (0.01–0.07)

0.67

 Patients on both CRRT and IHD

0.08 (0.03–0.16)

0.08 (0.02–0.16)

0.07 (0.03–0.19)

0.85

  1. Data presented as n (%) unless stated otherwise
  2. IQR interquartile range, BMI body mass index, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration, APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, RRT renal replacement therapy, MAP mean arterial pressure, SD standard deviation, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy, IHD intermittent hemodialysis, NE norepinephrine equivalents
  3. aAt intensive care unit admission
  4. bPatients were classified to have developed oliguria according to the maximum Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome criteria based on urine output [5]
  5. cOn the day 1 of RRT
  6. dAll vasopressors were standardized in terms of NE (Additional file 1: S3) [30,31,32]
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Critical Care

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