Identifying associations between diabetes and acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: an analysis of the LUNG SAFE database

Andrew J. Boyle; Fabiana Madotto; John G. Laffey; Giacomo Bellani; Tài Pham; Antonio Pesenti; B. Taylor Thompson; Cecilia M. O’Kane; Adam M. Deane; Daniel F. McAuley

doi:10.1186/s13054-018-2158-y

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with AHRF (stratified by presence of diabetes)

From: Identifying associations between diabetes and acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: an analysis of the LUNG SAFE database

	Overall (N = 4107)	Diabetic (N = 913)	Non-diabetic (N = 3194)	p value (Diabetic vs. non-diabetic)
Age (years)	61.7 ± 16.7	66.6 ± 13.1	60.3 ± 17.4	< 0.0001
Male – N (%)	2547 (62.0)	575 (63.0)	1972 (61.7)	0.50
BMI (kg/m²)^a	27.5 ± 8.3	30.4 ± 11.7	26.6 ± 6.9	< 0.0001
Non-pulmonary SOFA score (adjusted for missing values)^b	6.1 ± 4.1	6.2 ± 4.2	6.1 ± 4.0	0.39
ARDS risk factors – N (%)				0.07
Pulmonary	2295 (55.9)	511 (52.0)	1784 (55.9)
Non-pulmonary	833 (20.3)	174 (19.1)	659 (20.6)
Pulmonary and non-pulmonary	559 (13.6)	115 (12.6)	444 (13.9)
No risk factor	420 (10.2)	113 (12.4)	307 (9.6)
Co-morbidities – N (%)
No co-morbidity other than diabetes mellitus	1958 (47.7)	343 (37.6)	1615 (50.6)	< 0.0001
Chronic liver failure	161 (3.9)	33 (3.6)	128 (4.0)	0.37
Chronic renal failure	428 (10.4)	205 (22.5)	227 (7.0)	< 0.0001
Chronic cardiac failure (NYHA III-IV)	428 (10.4)	156 (17.1)	272 (8.5)	< 0.0001
COPD or home ventilation	989 (24.1)	294 (32.2)	695 (21.8)	< 0.0001
Active neoplasm	368 (9.0)	61 (6.7)	307 (9.6)	0.006
Immunosuppression	453 (11.0)	73 (8.0)	380 (11.9)	0.0009
Haematologic neoplasm	170 (4.1)	22 (2.4)	148 (4.6)	0.003
Active neoplasm/immunosuppression/haematologic neoplasm	820 (20.0)	134 (14.7)	686 (21.5)	< 0.0001
Baseline ventilator variables
PaO₂:FiO₂ ratio (mmHg)^c	167.5 ± 67.8	169.2 ± 67.1	167.0 ± 68.0	0.35
Tidal volume (ml/kg PBW)^d	7.8 ± 2.2	8.0 ± 2.4	7.7 ± 2.1	0.05
Plateau pressure (cmH₂O)^e	22.4 ± 5.9	23.3 ± 5.6	22.1 ± 6.0	0.001
PEEP (cmH₂O)^f	7.8 ± 3.1	7.8 ± 3.1	7.8 ± 3.1	0.76
Peak inspiratory pressure (cmH₂O)^g	24.8 ± 8.7	25.3 ± 8.8	24.7 ± 8.7	0.05
Respiratory rate (breaths/min)^h	21.2 ± 8.1	20.9 ± 6.7	21.3 ± 8.4	0.42
Blood pHⁱ	7.34 ± 0.12	7.33 ± 0.13	7.34 ± 0.12	0.06
PaCO₂ (mmHg)^j	45.8 ± 15.6	46.0 ± 15.6	45.7 ± 15.6	0.51
Bicarbonate (mmol/L)^k	23.6 ± 6.8	23.4 ± 7.1	23.6 ± 6.7	0.36

Data presented as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise stated
Abbreviations: AHRF acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, BMI body mass index, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, NYHA New York heart association functional classification, PaCO₂ partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood, PBW predicted body weight, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment
^a872 diabetic, 3010 non-diabetic, 3882 patients overall
^b908 diabetic, 3168 non-diabetic, 4076 patients overall
^c911 diabetic, 3175 non-diabetic, 4086 patients overall
^d830 diabetic, 2840 non-diabetic, 3670 patients overall
^e244 diabetic, 760 non-diabetic, 1004 patients overall
^f910 diabetic, 3163 non-diabetic, 4073 patients overall
^g864 diabetic, 2985 non-diabetic, 3849 patients overall
^h909 diabetic, 3159 non-diabetic, 4068 patients overall
ⁱ896 diabetic, 3146 non-diabetic, 4042 patients overall
^j894 diabetic, 3146 non-diabetic, 4040 patients overall
^k894 diabetic, 3145 non-diabetic, 4039 patients overall

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