Gender differences in the use of atypical antipsychotic medications for ICU delirium

Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of ICU patients initiated on AAP for delirium (N = 346)

Characteristic	Male (n = 230)	Female (n = 116)	p value*
Age (years), mean (± SD)	60.1 (± 19.3)	58.4 (± 21.0)	0.459
Psychiatric diagnoses, n
Major depression	82	51	0.133
Bipolar depression	18	7	0.543
Schizophrenia	6	3	0.990
Delirium manifestations^b
Hyperactive symptoms, n
Agitation	213	99	0.032*
Hallucination	159	94	0.018*
Combativeness	139	90	0.001*
Impulsiveness	121	75	0.033*
Restlessness	58	36	0.251
Hypoactive symptoms, n
Confusion	26	11	0.605
Insomnia/altered sleep	169	83	0.704
Lethargy	56	23	0.344
Depressed affect	35	20	0.627
ICU subtype, n (%)
Medical	53 (23)	36 (31)	0.201
Surgical^c	177 (77)	80 (69)
Length of stay (days), median (IQR)
ICU	11.0 (1–21)	8 (1–15)	0.002*
Hospital	18 (0.25–35.75)	16 (0.75–31.25)	0.070
Discharge disposition, n (%)
Home	37 (16)	37 (18.1)	0.548
Expired	24 (10.4)	8 (6.8)
Long-term care facility	163 (72.6)	86 (74.1)
Continuation of AAP on discharge, n (%)	123 (70.7)	51 (29.3)	0.034*

AAP atypical antipsychotic medications, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation
^ap values from two-sample t test (mean), chi-square test (n), or Mann–Whitney test (median and interquartile range)
^bp value from chi-square test, χ² critical value = 3.841, df = 1, α = 0.05
^cAggregated from neurosurgical, surgical, trauma, and cardiothoracic ICU populations. Medical implies all others
*Significant at p < 0.05

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