Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics of patients with and without sepsis, stratified by AKIN stage

Number of patients, (%)

628 (32.3)

575 (29.5)

219 (11.3)

524 (26.9)

2615 (43.4)

1976 (32.8)

627 (10.4)

806 (13.4)

Age (years), mean (SD)

58.5 (17.6)

61.7 (17.3)^ab

64.8 (17.8)^ab

63.3 (15.9)^a

56.0 (19.1)

59.4 (17.9)

61.1 (17.9)^a

61.7 (17.8)^a

Male, n (%)

383 (61.8)

352 (62.0)

118 (54.9)

312 (59.8)

1477 (57.4)

1226 (62.6)^a

376 (60.6)

450 (56.4)

Weight (kg), mean (SD)

70.1 (19.2)

75.3 (21.0)

77.6 (21.4)

76.6 (22.3)

70.5 (16.4)

76.4 (17.7)^a

80.6 (24.1)^a

77.9 (23.6)^a

Height (cm), mean (SD)

167.2 (9.7)

168.0 (10.4)

167.9 (10.2)

167.6 (10.6)

167.1 (10.0)

168.6 (9.5)^a

168.2 (10.0)^a

167.5 (10.4)

 APACHE II

20.6 (7.7)^b

22.0 (7.8)^ab

22.3 (7.9)^ab

26.7 (9.2)^ab

14.8 (7.5)

15.1 (7.2)

16.1 (8.5)^a

20.7 (10.9)^a

 Non-renal APACHE II score

19.6 (7.5)^b

20.9 (7.5)^ab

21.1 (7.6)^ab

23.6 (8.4)^ab

14.1 (7.3)

14.4 (6.9)

15.3 (8.1)^a

18.6 (10.0)^a

 SOFA

8.1 (3.3)^b

8.2 (3.4)^ab

8.7 (3.7)^ab

11.4 (4.2)^ab

4.7 (3.4)

4.7 (3.5)

4.8 (3.8)

7.6 (4.9)^a

 Non-renal SOFA

7.4 (3.1)^b

7.3 (3.1)^ab

7.6 (3.5)^b

8.8 (3.7)^ab

4.0 (3.2)

4.1 (3.2)

4.1 (3.5)

5.5 (4.1)^a

 Surgical (non-trauma)

199 (33.8)

171 (31.5)^b

68 (31.9)

146 (28.9)^a

953 (38.3)

799 (42.3)^a

216 (35.9)

209 (28.4)^a

 Medical

355 (60.4)^b

355 (65.4)^b

137 (64.3)

348 (68.9)^a

1277 (51.3)

923 (48.9)

346 (57.6)^a

482 (65.5)^a

 Trauma

28 (4.8)^b

16 (2.9)^b

8 (3.8)

8 (1.6)^ab

231 (9.3)

159 (8.4)

38 (6.3)^a

39 (5.3)^a

 Other

6 (1.0)

1 (0.2)^a

0 (0.0)^a

3 (0.6)

26 (1.0)

7 (0.4)^a

1 (0.2)^a

6 (0.8)

 Other hospital

62 (9.9)

65 (11.3)

22 (10.0)

59 (11.3)

231 (8.8)

198 (10.0)

55 (8.8)

81 (10.0)

 ER/ambulance

229 (36.5)

208 (36.2)

74 (33.8)

156 (29.8)^b

1047 (40.0)

733 (37.1)

262 (41.8)

335 (41.6)

 OR/recovery

88 (14.0)^b

80 (13.9)^b

34 (15.5)

65 (12.4)

516 (19.7)

476 (24.1)^a

107 (17.1)

100 (12.4)^a

 Hospital floor

206 (32.8)^b

179 (31.1)^b

63 (28.8)

200 (38.2)^ab

584 (22.3)

414 (21.0)

148 (23.6)

222 (27.5)^a

 Other

43 (6.8)

43 (7.5)

26 (11.9)

44 (8.4)

237 (9.1)

155 (7.8)

55 (8.8)

68 (8.4)

 Neurological

102 (16.2)

66 (11.5)^a

16 (7.3)^a

26 (5.0)^a

438 (16.7)

261 (13.2)^a

74 (11.8)^a

59 (7.3)^a

 Respiratory

174 (27.7)^b

163 (28.3)^b

54 (24.7)^b

91 (17.4)^ab

299 (11.4)

237 (12.0)

100 (15.9)^a

101 (12.5)

 Cardiovascular

143 (22.8)^b

146 (25.4)^b

71 (32.4)^a

200 (38.2)^a

707 (27.0)

651 (32.9)^a

203 (32.4)^a

308 (38.2)^a

 Renal/Ob-gyn

11 (1.8)^b

15 (2.6)^b

4 (1.8)

42 (8.0)^a

99 (3.8)

74 (3.7)

25 (4.0)

73 (9.1)^a

 Haematological

10 (1.6)

17 (3.0)^b

8 (3.7)

14 (2.7)

37 (1.4)

18 (0.9)

11 (1.8)

17 (2.1)

 Digestive/liver

96 (15.3)

106 (18.4)

46 (21.0)^a

104 (19.8)^ab

298 (11.4)

287 (14.5)^a

94 (15.0)^a

121 (15.0)^a

 Metabolic

21 (3.3)^b

20 (3.5)^b

6 (2.7)^b

19 (3.6)^b

229 (8.8)

91 (4.6)^a

37 (5.9)^a

49 (6.1)^a

 Trauma

49 (7.8)

25 (4.3)^b

10 (4.6)

8 (1.5)^ab

337 (12.9)

221 (11.2)

49 (7.8)^a

48 (6.0)^a

 Other diseases

22 (3.5)^b

17 (3.0)^b

4 (1.8)^b

20 (3.8)

145 (5.5)^b

98 (5.0)

32 (5.1)

24 (3.0)

 COPD

113 (18.0)^b

91 (15.8)^b

40 (18.3)

73 (13.9)^b

256 (9.8)

224 (11.3)

79 (12.6)

86 (10.7)

 Cancer

79 (12.6)

67 (11.7)

32 (14.6)

54 (10.3)

273 (10.4)

199 (10.1)

71 (11.3)

69 (8.6)

 Metastatic cancer

24 (3.8)

28 (4.9)

9 (4.1)

24 (4.6)

73 (2.8)

68 (3.4)

27 (4.3)

29 (3.6)

 Haematologic cancer

33 (5.3)^b

19 (3.3)^b

8 (3.7)

26 (5.0)

30 (1.1)

19 (1.0)

11 (1.8)

23 (2.9)^a

 Insulin–DM

44 (7.0)

53 (9.2)

21 (9.6)

60 (11.5)

209 (8.0)

162 (8.2)

46 (7.3)

73 (9.1)

 Heart failure, NYHA III–IV

51 (8.1)

57 (9.9)^ab

22 (10.0)^ab

69 (13.2)^a

160 (6.1)

138 (7.0)

41 (6.5)

79 (9.8)^a

 HIV infection

4 (0.6)

4 (0.7)

4 (1.8)

11 (2.1)^ab

17 (0.7)

5 (0.3)

4 (0.6)

5 (0.6)

 Cirrhosis

28 (4.5)^b

29 (5.0)

9 (4.1)

34 (6.5)

60 (2.3)

63 (3.2)

16 (2.6)

41 (5.1)^a

 Immunosuppression

46 (7.3)^b

37 (6.4)^b

16 (7.3)^b

32 (6.1)^b

50 (1.9)

36 (1.8)

15 (2.4)

23 (2.9)

 Steroid therapy

39 (6.2)^b

33 (5.7)^b

13 (5.9)^b

26 (5.0)^b

70 (2.7)

50 (2.5)

11 (1.8)

20 (2.5)

 Chemotherapy

27 (4.3)^b

21 (3.7)

7 (3.2)

24 (4.6)

65 (2.5)

45 (2.3)

18 (2.9)

20 (2.5)