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Table 1 Characteristics of the selected studies

From: Corticosteroid use and intensive care unit-acquired weakness: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

Study design

Country

Setting

Population

n

Examination

ICUAW

Use of CS a

ICU mortality (%)a

Keh et al., 2016 [18]

RCT

Germany

MSICU

Severe sepsis

375

Clinical

82

46 vs 140

NR

Gupta and Mishra, 2016 [19]

Prospective cohort

India

MICU

Sepsis

100

EMG

37

26 vs 12

NR

Nguyen The and Nguyen Huu, 2015 [1]

Prospective cohort

Vietnam

MSICU

ICU LOS ≥ 10 days

133

EMG

73

29 vs 18

49% vs 30%

Patel et al., 2014 [21]

Prospective cohort

America

MICU

MV ≥ 24 h

104

Clinical

41

35 vs 44

NR

Wieske et al., 2014 [20]

Prospective cohort

Netherlands

MSICU

MV ≥ 2 days

212

Clinical

103

81 vs 63

34% vs 9%

Anastasopoulos et al., 2011 [22]

Prospective cohort

Greece

MSICU

ICU LOS ≥ 7 days

190

EMG

40

28 vs 102

32.5% vs NR

Sharshar et al., 2010 [23]

Prospective cohort

France

MICU, SICU

MV > 7 days

86

Clinical

39

29 vs 22

NR

Brunello et al., 2010 [24]

Prospective cohort

Switzerland

MSICU

MV > 48 h and SIRS

39

Clinical

13

4 vs 0

62% vs 23%

Weber-Carstens et al., 2009 [25]

Prospective cohort

Germany

SICU

MV and SAPS II ≥ 20

56

EMG

34

21 vs 5

NR

Nanas et al., 2008 [26]

Prospective cohort

Greece

MSICU

LOS > 10 days

185

Clinical

44

7 vs 31

36% vs 20%

Ali et al., 2008 [27]

Prospective cohort

America

MICU, NICU

MV > 5days

136

Clinical

35

16 vs 42

31.4% vs 6%

Hermans et al., 2007 [28]

Prospective cohort

Belgium

MICU

MV > 7 days

412

EMG

188

123 vs 156

NR

Khan et al., 2006 [30]

Prospective cohort

Canada

MSICU

Sepsis

20

EMG

10

4 vs 4

55% vs 0%

Lefaucheur et al., 2006 [29]

Prospective cohort

France

MICU

MV > 7 days, diffuse weakness

30

EMG

26

15 vs 1

NR

De Jonghe et al., 2002 [31]

Prospective cohort

France

MICU, SICU

MV > 7 days and awake

95

Clinical

24

13 vs 13

17% vs 6%

de Letter et al., 2001 [33]

Prospective cohort

Netherlands

MSICU

MV ≥ 4 days

97

EMG

34

9 vs 18

NR

Garnacho-Montero et al., 2001 [32]

Prospective cohort

Spain

MSICU

MV > 10 days and sepsis with MOF

73

EMG

50

7 vs 4

66% vs 52%

Coakley et al., 1998 [34]

Prospective cohort

England

MSICU

MV and ICU LOS > 7 days

44

EMG

37

11 vs 2

NR

  1. ICUAW intensive care unit-acquired weakness, CS corticosteroids, ICU intensive care unit, RCT randomized controlled trial, MICU medical ICU, MSICU medical–surgical ICU, SICU surgical ICU, NR not reported, EMG electromyography, LOS length of stay, MV mechanical ventilation, SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SAPS Simplified Acute Physiology Score, MOF multiple organ failure
  2. aComparison between ICUAW and no ICUAW