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Table 2 Results of subgroup analysis

From: Aerosolized antibiotics for ventilator-associated pneumonia: a pairwise and Bayesian network meta-analysis

Outcome

Subgroup

Relative risk (95% confidence interval) and rank probabilities

Tobramycin vs control; tobramycin (rank probability)

Colistin vs control; colistin (rank probability)

Amikacin vs control; amikacin (rank probability)

Tobramycin vs colistin

Tobramycin vs amikacin

Colistin vs amikacin

Clinical recovery

Geography

 USA

2.37 (1.7–5.62); tobramycin 97.3%

1.3 (0.68–2.7); colistin 2.2%

0.68 (0.27–1.7); amikacin 0.2%

1.83 (1.2–4.67)

3.4 (2.2–8.89)

2 (0.65–6.3)

 Europe

1.52 (0.52–6.6); tobramycin 65.4%

1.2 (0.86–1.5); colistin 28.7%

0.98 (0.67–1.5); amikacin 4.6%

1.3 (0.42–5.7)

1.6 (0.5–7.1)

1.3 (0.72–1.9)

 Asia

1.6 (0.74–3.3); tobramycin 82.3%

0.95 (0.48–1.9); colistin 5.6%

–

1.6 (0.60–4.5)

–

–

Type of inhaled drug delivery system

 Jet nebulizer

2.1 (1.5–5.34); tobramycin 98.6%

1.1 (0.71–1.8); colistin 1.2%

–

2.53 (1.2–6.7)

–

–

 Ultrasonic nebulizer

1.5 (0.85–3); tobramycin 78.8%

1.2 (0.95–1.6); colistin 20.5%

–

1.3 (0.67–2.6)

–

–

 Vibrating nebulizer

–

1.3 (0.93–2); colistin 91.9%

0.95 (0.72–1.2); amikacin 4.2%

–

–

1.4 (0.91–2.3)

VAP with or without MDR

 VAP with MDR

–

1.2 (0.70–1.7); colistin 66.4%

0.97 (0.40–2.5); amikacin 24.8%

–

–

1.2 (0.40–3.1)

 VAP without MDR

1.7 (1.1–3.2); tobramycin 88.5%

1.2 (0.83–1.7); colistin 9%

0.68 (0.27–1.6); amikacin 2.1%

1.5 (0.8–2.9)

2.6 (0.94–7.8)

1.8 (0.68–4.8)

Type of studies

 Randomized controlled trials

2.2 (0.95–8); tobramycin 92.9%

1.1 (0.71–1.8); colistin 5.6%

0.94 (0.65–1.3); amikacin 0.8%

2.5 (0.93–9.9)

2.4 (0.96–8.7)

1.2 (0.69–2.1)

 High risk of bias

2.2 (0.91–7.7); tobramycin 87.5%

0.94 (0.43–2); colistin 5.6%

0.98 (0.47–2.1); amikacin 5.7%

2.4 (0.74–10)

2.3 (0.73–9.5)

0.96 (0.33–2.8)

 Low risk of bias

–

1.4 (0.73–2.8); colistin 82.1%

0.92 (0.59–1.3); amikacin 7.7%

–

–

1.5 (0.72–3.5)

 Observational studies

1.6 (0.78–3.3); tobramycin 75.9%

1.2 (0.88–1.6); colistin 22.9%

–

1.3 (0.63–2.9)

–

–

 NOS = 9

1.6 (0.48–5.1); tobramycin 70.8%

0.96 (0.51–1.81); colistin 23.7%

–

1.3 (0.40–5.5)

–

–

 NOS < 9

–

1.2 (0.84–1.9); colistin 87.6%

–

–

–

–

Administration strategy

 Adjunctive strategy

1.6 (0.94–2.70); tobramycin 81.4%

1.2 (1.0–1.4); colistin 16.8%

0.93 (0.64–1.3); amikacin 1.4%

1.3 (0.76–2.3)

1.7 (0.92–3.2)

1.3 (0.87–2)

 Substitution strategy

1.57 (0.46–5.34); tobramycin 98.9%

–

0.96 (0.76–1.21); amikacin 0.7%

–

1.64 (0.47–5.69)

–

Mortality

Geography

 USA

–

1.4 (0.76–2.6); colistin 3.6%

0.66 (0.30–1.4); amikacin 83.9%

–

–

2.1 (0.79–5.8)

 Europe

0.31 (0.039–1.6); tobramycin 85.7%

1.2 (0.40–4.1); colistin 0.1%

0.87 (0.57–1.3); amikacin 7.8%

0.36 (0.044–5.0)

0.25 (0.022–1.8)

0.72 (0.20–2.3)

 Asia

0.33 (0.074–1.4); tobramycin 86.9%

0.92 (0.26–3.3); colistin 10.6%

–

0.36 (0.051–2.4)

–

–

Type of inhaled drug delivery system

 Jet nebulizer

–

0.88 (0.63–1.2); colistin 81.6%

–

–

–

–

 Ultrasonic nebulizer

0.33 (0.11–0.87); tobramycin 97.2%

0.92 (0.64–1.4); colistin 1.7%

–

0.36 (0.11–1.0)

–

–

 Vibrating nebulizer

–

1.3 (0.70–2.4); colistin 20%

1.3 (0.68–2.6); amikacin 14.8%

–

–

1.0 (0.40–2.4)

VAP with or without MDR

 VAP with MDR

–

0.81 (0.55–1.2); colistin 70.9%

1.3 (0.39–6.3); amikacin 22.3%

–

–

0.61 (0.12–2.1)

 VAP without MDR

0.34 (0.13–0.78); tobramycin 71.7%

0.91 (0.54–1.5); colistin 7.4%

0.7 (0.3–1.7); amikacin 26.7%

0.37 (0.12–1)

0.48 (0.13–1.6)

1.3 (0.47–3.5)

Type of studies

 Randomized controlled trials

0.31 (0.039–1.6); tobramycin 80.9%

0.95 (0.45–2); colistin 6.6%

0.83 (0.41–1.8); amikacin 11.3%

0.32 (0.036–2)

1.1 (0.38–3.1)

0.37 (0.042–2.3)

 High risk of bias

0.31 (0.039–1.8); tobramycin 73.5%

0.92 (0.32–2.7); colistin 8%

1.1 (0.11–10); amikacin 16.3%

0.33 (0.033–2.7)

0.28 (0.013–5.2)

0.86 (0.073–10)

 Low risk of bias

–

0.81 (0.43–1.6); colistin 31.4%

1 (0.25–3.9); amikacin 50.3%

–

–

1.2 (0.27–5.5)

 Observational studies

0.34 (0.11–0.9); tobramycin 95.7%

0.83 (0.58–1.1); colistin 3.9%

–

0.41 (0.12–1.2)

–

–

 NOS = 9

0.34 (0.094–0.96); tobramycin 95.1%

0.86 (0.54–1.3); colistin 4.2%

–

0.39 (0.1–1.2)

–

–

 NOS < 9

–

0.67 (0.35–1.3); colistin 90.2%

–

–

–

–

Administration strategy

 Adjunctive strategy

0.34 (0.14–0.72); tobramycin 95%

0.85 (0.66–1.1); colistin 0.83%

0.8 (0.44–1.5); amikacin 4.1%

0.4 (0.16–0.88)

0.42 (0.14–1.1)

1.1 (0.54–2)

 Substitution strategy

–

–

0.99 (0.088–9.5); amikacin 48.7%

–

–

–

  1. MDR multidrug resistance, NOS Newcastle-Ottawa scale, VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia