Chest radiography versus lung ultrasound for identification of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective observational study

Table 5 ICU and hospital mortality according to severity of ARDS using various definitions

Definition	Severity^a	Number of patients	ICU mortality (%)	Hospital mortality (%)
Berlin-CXR	No ARDS	240	37 (15.4)	62 (25.8)
	Mild ARDS	85	19 (22.4)	31 (36.5)
	Moderate ARDS	62	5 (8.1)	16 (25.8)
	Severe ARDS	69	18 (26.1)	31 (44.9)
Berlin-LUS	No ARDS	227	27 (11.9)	61 (26.9)
	Mild ARDS	92	24 (26.1)	30 (32.6)
	Moderate ARDS	73	10 (13.7)	23 (31.5)
	Severe ARDS	64	18 (28.1)	26 (40.6)
Berlin-CXR or Berlin-LUS	No ARDS	161	20 (12.4)	39 (24.2)
	Mild ARDS	120	28 (23.3)	40 (33.3)
	Moderate ARDS	93	11 (11.8)	28 (30.1)
	Severe ARDS	82	20 (24.4)	33 (40.2)

ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, CXR chest radiography, ICU intensive care unit, LUS lung ultrasound
^aMild ARDS: ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to inspired fraction of oxygen (P/F) 201–300 mmHg and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)/continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ≥5 cmH₂O using noninvasive ventilation (which may include CPAP or bi-level positive airway pressure) or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV); moderate ARDS: P/F 101–200 mmHg and PEEP ≥ 5 cmH₂O using IMV only; severe ARDS: P/F ≤ 100 mmHg and PEEP ≥ 5 cmH₂O using IMV only

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