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Table 3 Macrohemodynamic and microhemodynamic variables in patients with septic shock with severe acute kidney injury and patients with septic shock with no acute kidney injury

From: Acute kidney injury is associated with a decrease in cortical renal perfusion during septic shock

Variables

Day 0

Day 1

Day 3

MAP, mmHg

 AKI+

67 (65–77)

79 (65–87)

81 (72–87)

 AKI-

78 (74–86)

88 (77–95)

87 (77–93)

Cardiac index, L.min−1.m−2

 AKI+

2.4 (2.0–2.7)

2.9 (2.4–3.1)

2.5 (2.0–2.8)

 AKI-

3.1 (2.1–3.9)

3.0 (2.2–3.5)

3.2 (2.3–4.0)

Norepinephrine, μg.kg−1.min− 1

 AKI+

0.25 (0.16–0.49)

0.45 (0.05–0.72)

0.03 (0.0–0.11)

 AKI-

0.18 (0.11–0.76)

0.0 (0.0–0.09)

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

Lactate, mmol.L−1

 AKI+

3.7 (2.5–4.2)

2.6 (1.6–3.8)

1.6 (1.0–1.8)**

 AKI-

1.9 (1.3–2.1)

1.4 (1.05–1.65)

1.5 (0.6–1.6)

Creatinine, μmol.L−1

 AKI+

186 (154–251)

187 (120–249)

130 (74–216)

 AKI-

84 (68–120)

50 (41–82)

43 (40–63)

Doppler resistivity index

 AKI+

0.76 (0.70–0.81)

0.77 (0.70–0.84)

0.74 (0.68–0.85)*

 AKI-

0.72 (0.67–0.75)

0.64 (0.61–0.70)

0.61 (0.59–0.74)

Renal CEUS variables

 PI

  AKI+

58 (20–86)

64 (31–145)

124 (35–235)

  AKI-

100 (70–184)

195 (158–344)

230 (125–378)

 mTT

  AKI+

5.6 (4.9–6.6)

5.3 (3.8–6.8)

5.5 (3.6–7.1)§§

  AKI-

3.4 (3.1–3.8)

3.0 (2.6–3.9)

2.6 (2.2–3.5)

  1. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index and norepinephrine dose, were not significantly different between patients with septic shock with acute kidney injury (AKI) or without AKI (p = 0.07, p = 0.24, p = 0.13 for factor group with analysis of variance (ANOVA) on ranks). Lactate level was significantly higher in patients with septic shock with AKI than in patients with septic shock without AKI (**p = 0.008). The resistivity index was significantly higher in patients with septic shock with AKI than in patients with septic shock without AKI (*0.03 for group and 0.04 for interaction (time × group) with ANOVA on ranks). Mean transit time (mTT) was significantly lower in patients with septic shock without AKI than in patients with septic shock with AKI (§§p = 0.005 for group with ANOVA on ranks).
  2. AKI+ Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) stage 2 or 3, AKI- no AKI or KDIGO stage 1, CEUS contrast enhanced ultrasound, MAP mean arterial pressure, PI perfusion index