Impact of flow and temperature on patient comfort during respiratory support by high-flow nasal cannula

Table 2 Comparison of vital signs during each study phase (see text for details)

Variable	HF30-T31 (N = 40)	HF60-T31 (N = 40)	HF30-T37 (N = 40)	HF60-T37 (N = 40)	p value, GLIMMIX
Systolic arterial pressure (mmHg)	122 (112–136)	121 (109–135)	124 (109–138)	120 (111–135)	0.854
Diastolic arterial pressure (mmHg)	64 (59–70)	63 (56–70)	65 (53–70)	65 (60–70)	0.731
Heart rate (bpm)	88 ± 15	87 ± 15	90 ± 15^‡	89 ± 15	0.02**
SpO₂ (%)	96 (94–99)	98 (96–100)^†	96 (95–99)^§	98 (96–99)^†\|\|	< 0.0001**
Respiratory rate (bpm)	22 (18–29)	22 (19–25)	23 (19–29)	23 (19–26)	0.174
Borg scale	3 (2–5)	3 (1–5)	4 (2–5)	3 (2–5)	0.557
SpO₂/FiO₂	238 (192–246)	240 (196–248)^†	240 (190–248)^‡	240 (196–248)*	< 0.001**

FiO₂ inspired oxygen fraction, GLIMMIX generalized linear mixed model, HF30-T31 gas flow 30 l/min and temperature 31 °C, HF60-T31 gas flow 60 l/min and temperature 31 °C, HF30-T37 gas flow 30 l/min and temperature 37 °C, HF60-T37 gas flow 60 l/min and temperature 37 °C, SpO₂ peripheral oxygen saturation
Post hoc comparisons: *p < 0.01 vs HF30-T31; ^†p < 0.001 vs HF30-T31; ^‡p < 0.05 vs HF60-T31; ^§p < 0.001 vs HF60-T31; ^||p < 0.001 vs HF30-T37
**Data significant at p < 0.05

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