Distinct T-helper cell responses to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia reflect immunologic comorbidities and correlate with mortality

Greenberg, Jared A.; Hrusch, Cara L.; Jaffery, Mohammad R.; David, Michael Z.; Daum, Robert S.; Hall, Jesse B.; Kress, John P.; Sperling, Anne I.; Verhoef, Philip A.

doi:10.1186/s13054-018-2025-x

Critical Care

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 95 patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia

From: Distinct T-helper cell responses to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia reflect immunologic comorbidities and correlate with mortality

		Survived (n = 74)	Died (n = 21)	p Value for difference
Patient demographics	Age, years, mean [SD]	56 [16]	65 [13]	0.02
	Male sex, n (%)	46 (62)	12 (57)	0.68
	Black race, n (%)	47 (64)	12 (57)	0.60
	Solid malignancy^a, n (%)	12 (16)	7 (33)	0.12
	Hematological malignancy, n (%)	7 (9)	0 (0)	0.34
	Autoimmune condition^a, n (%)	8 (11)	4 (19)	0.46
	Solid organ transplant^a, n (%)	4 (5)	0 (0)	0.57
	HIV infection, n (%)	2 (3)	0 (0)	1.00
	Diabetes, n (%)	26 (35)	8 (38)	0.80
	Congestive heart failure, n (%)	21 (28)	8 (38)	0.43
	End-stage renal disease, n (%)	20 (27)	4 (19)	0.58
	Coronary artery disease, n (%)	16 (22)	5 (24)	0.78
Clinical response to infection	Total WBC^b on first day of bacteremia, 1000 cells/μl, mean [SD]	13 [7]	17 [10]	0.37
	Neutrophils^b on first day of bacteremia, 1000 cells/μl, mean [SD]	11 [6.0]	14 [8]	0.35
	Lymphocytes^b on first day of bacteremia, 1000 cells/μl, mean [SD]	1.0 [0.8]	0.7 [0.7]	0.22
	Neutrophils/lymphocytes^b on first day of bacteremia, mean [SD]	15 [16]	27 [21]	0.01
	Positive SIRS temperature criteria, n (%)	57 (77)	12 (57)	0.07
	Positive SIRS heart rate criteria, n (%)	51 (69)	21 (100)	0.003
	Positive SIRS respiratory criteria, n (%)	68 (92)	18 (86)	0.40
	Positive SIRS WBC criteria, n (%)	53 (71)	17 (81)	0.40
	SOFA score on first day of positive blood cultures, mean [SD]	3 [2]	6 [4]	0.001
	Time to antibiotics, h, median (IQR)	2.0 (0.8–8.9)	3.0 (1.0–5.8)	0.98
Characteristics of Infection	Methicillin resistance, n (%)	28 (38)	7 (24)	0.30
	Positive cultures < 48 h from hospital admission, n (%)	65 (89)	17 (81)	0.46
	Days of consecutive positive blood cultures, mean [SD]	3 [3]	3 [2]	0.93
	Endocarditis, n (%)	6 (8)	4 (19)	0.23
	Removable source^c, n (%)	26 (35)	7 (33)	1.0
	Skin/soft tissue, n (%)	23 (31)	3 (14)	0.17
	Pulmonary source, n (%)	6 (8)	6 (29)	0.02
	Other source, n (%)	5 (7)	0 (0)	0.58
	Undetermined source, n (%)	14 (19)	5 (24)	0.76

Abbreviations: SIRS Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, HIV Human immunodeficiency virus, WBC White blood cells, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
Patients were grouped as those who had died or survived at day 90 after bacteremia
^aPatients with these conditions were receiving chemotherapy or immune-modulating medications
^bValues were log-transformed prior to performing statistical tests
^cExamples of removable sources are intravenous lines and pacemaker wires

Back to article page

ISSN: 1364-8535

Contact us

Submission enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com