Table 1 Description of the randomized controlled trials
Study | First author | Number | Centers | Area | Blinded | CKD excluded | Acute renaldysfunction excluded | CKD criteria | Baseline acute renal dysfunction criteria | Acute renal dysfunction as Outcome | Mortality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Norepinephrine plus dobutamine vs epinephrine in septic shock (2007) | D Annane [32] | 330 | 19 | Drug | Yes | No | No | McCabe | SOFA/RRT | NA | 40.0% |
Hydrocortisone in septic shock (2008) | CL Sprung [27] | 499 | 52 | Drug | Yes | No | No | NA | UO < 0.5 mL/kg/h for > 1 h or SOFA | NA | 39.2% |
Intensive insulin therapy in severe sepsis (2008) | FM Brunkhorst [30] | 600 | 18 | Drug | No | Yes | No | Yes | NA | 2 × Cr or RRT | 24.1% |
PEEP setting in acute lung injury and ARDS (2008) | A Mercat [49] | 767 | 37 | MV | No | No | No | NA | SOFA | SOFA | 31.2% |
Vasopressin vs norepinephrine infusion in septic shock (2008) | JA Russell [37] | 802 | 27 | Drug | Yes | No | No | NA | SOFA | Brussels | 43.9% |
Ventilation strategy in acute lung injury and ARDS (2008) | MO Meade [52] | 983 | 30 | MV | Yes | No | No | NA | No | No | 36.4% |
Exogenous surfactant in acute lung injury and the ARDS (2009) | J Kesecioglu [26] | 418 | 67 | Drug | No | No | No | NA | SOFA or LODS | SOFA or LODS | 24.5% |
TAK-242 in severe sepsis (2010) | TW Rice [20] | 274 | 93 | Drug | Yes | Yes | No | NA | SOFA | SOFA | 17.0% |
Neuromuscular blockers in early ARDS (2010) | L Papazian [31] | 340 | 20 | Drug | Yes | No | No | NA | SOFA | SOFA or Cr >2 | 31.6% |
Prone positioning in moderate and severe ARDS (2010) | P Taccone [50] | 342 | 25 | MV | No | No | No | NA | SOFA | SOFA | 31.0% |
Early lactate-guided therapy (2010) | TC Jansen [39] | 344 | 4 | Protocol | No | No | No | NA | SOFA | SOFA or RRT | 33.9.0% |
Corticosteroid and intensive insulin therapy in septic shock (2010) | D Annane [22] | 509 | 11 | Drug | No | No | No | NA | SOFA | SOFA | 42.9.0% |
Dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock (2010) | D De Backer [21] | 1679 | 8 | Drug | Yes | No | No | NA | SOFA | SOFA or RRT | 52.0% |
Recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor in severe community-acquired pneumonia (2011) | RG Wunderink [34] | 2138 | 188 | Drug | Yes | No | No | RRT | SOFA or Cr >3 or RRT | No | 18.0% |
Intravenous β-2 agonist in acute respiratory distress syndrome (2012) | SF Gao [53] | 326 | 46 | Drug | Yes | No | No | NA | No | Critical care minimum dataset | 34.0% |
IABP for myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock (2012) | H Thiele [42] | 600 | 37 | Protocol | No | No | No | NA | UO <30 mL/h | GFR | 39.7% |
Hydroxyethyl vs Ringer’s acetate in severe sepsis (2012) | A Perner [28] | 798 | 36 | Drug | Yes | No | No | NA | SOFA | SOFA or RRT or 2 × Cr or RIFLE | 51.0% |
Drotrecogin alfa in septic shock (2012) | VM Ranieri [23] | 1697 | 208 | Drug | Yes | No | No | NA | SOFA | SOFA | 26.4% |
Hydroxyethyl vs saline for fluid resuscitation (2012) | JA Myburgh [29] | 7000 | 32 | Drug | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA | RIFLE | RIFLE | 18.0% |
Statin in patients with ventilator associated pneumonia (2013) | L Papazian [24] | 300 | 26 | Drug | Yes | No | No | McCabe | SOFA | No | 21.2% |
Recombinant human activated protein C in septic shock (2013) | D Annane [33] | 411 | 24 | Drug | Yes | No | No | McCabe | SOFA | SOFA | 47.6% |
Prone positioning in ARDS (2013) | C Guérin [51] | 474 | 27 | MV | No | No | No | McCabe | SOFA | SOFA | 32.8% |
High-frequency oscillation for early ARDS (2013) | ND Ferguson [48] | 500 | 27 | MV | No | No | No | NA | No | No | 47% |
High-frequency oscillation for ARDS (2013) | D Young [47] | 795 | 29 | MV | No | No | No | NA | No | No | 41.7% |
Effect of early vs late tracheostomy (2013) | D Young [41] | 909 | 72 | Protocol | No | No | No | NA | No | No | 30.8% |
Glutamine and antioxidants in critically ill patients (2013) | D Heyland [38] | 1223 | 40 | Nutrition | Yes | No | No | NA | Cr >2 or UO <500 mL/24 h or > 80 baseline | SOFA | 32.4% |
Early parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients (2013) | GS Doig [16] | 1372 | 31 | Nutrition | No | No | No | RRT | No | SOFA or RRT | 22.8% |
Colloids vs crystalloids in hypovolemic shock (2013) | D Annane [25] | 2857 | 57 | Drug | No | Yes | No | McCabe | SOFA | SOFA | 25.4% |
Perioperative goal-directed hemodynamic optimization in abdominal surgery (2014) | D Pestaña [43] | 132 | 6 | Protocol | No | No | No | NA | No | No | 4.2% |
Perioperative, cardiac output-guided hemodynamic therapy algorithm in gastrointestinal surgery (2014) | RM Pearse [40] | 734 | 17 | Protocol | Yes | No | No | Cr >1.4 | No | 2× Cr or <0.5 mL/12 h | 33.6% |
Rosuvastatin for sepsis-associated ARDS (2014) | NHLBI ARDS Network [35] | 745 | 44 | Drug | Yes | No | No | RRT | SOFA | SOFA | 28.5% |
High vs low blood-pressure target in septic shock (2014) | P Asfar [36] | 776 | 29 | Drug | No | No | No | RRT | Cr > 1.9 or 500 ml/24 h | 2c Cr or RRT | 34.0%% |
Lower vs higher hemoglobin in septic shock (2014) | LB Holst [45] | 998 | 32 | Transfusion | No | No | No | RRT | SOFA | NA | 43.0%% |
Album replacement in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock (2014) | P Caironi [19] | 1781 | 100 | Drug | No | No | No | NA | SOFA | SOFA | 43.6% |
Trial route of early nutritional support in critically ill adults (2014) | SE Harvey [18] | 2388 | 33 | Nutrition | No | No | No | RRT | SOFA | RRT | 33.1% |
Noninvasive ventilation vs oxygen therapy in immunocompromised patients with ARDS (2015) | V Lemiale [46] | 374 | 28 | MV | No | No | No | Charlson | SOFA | SOFA | 24.1% |
Permissive underfeeding or standard enteral feeding (2015) | YM Arabi [17] | 894 | 7 | Nutrition | No | No | No | NA | SOFA | SOFA | 27.2% |
Age of transfused blood in critically ill adults (2015) | J Lacroix [44] | 2510 | 64 | Transfusion | Yes | No | No | NA | MODS | MODS | 37% |
Renal-replacement therapy in the intensive care unit (2016) | S Gaudry [54] | 620 | 31 | RRT | No | No | Yes | No | KDIGO | KDIGO/RRT | 48.5% |
Sodium selenite and procalcitonin-guided therapy in severe sepsis or septic shock (2016) | F Bloos [55] | 1180 | 33 | Drug | No | No | No | No | No | No | 28.0% |
Quality improvement intervention with daily round in critically ill patients (2016) | AB Cavalcanti [56] | 6877 | 118 | Daily check list | No | No | No | No | No | No | 32.9% |
Levosimendan after cardiac surgery (2017) | G Landoni [58] | 548 | 14 | Drug | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | RIFLE | 12.9% |
Recruitment and titrated PEEP vs low PEEP on mortality in ARDS (2017) | ART Group [57] | 1008 | 9 | MV | No | No | Yes | NA | No | No | 55.0% |
Age of red cells for transfusion and outcomes in critically ill (2017) | DJ Cooper [59] | 4919 | 5 | Transfusion | Yes | Yes | No | RRT | KDIGO | KDIGO | 24.8% |
Restrictive vs liberal transfusion in cardiac surgery (2017) | CD Mazer [60] | 5243 | 73 | Transfusion | No | Yes | No | Omitted | KDIGO | KDIGO | 30.0% |
Short-term vs long-term blood storage on mortality (2017) | NM Heddle [61] | 24,743 | 4 | Transfusion | No | No | No | No | SOFA | No | 9.1% |