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Table 2 Characteristics of initial Rapid Response Team call for patients with daytime and nighttime Rapid Response Team activation

From: Impact of nighttime Rapid Response Team activation on outcomes of hospitalized patients with acute deterioration

 

Daytime hours (0800–1659)

(n = 2656)

Nighttime hours (1700–0759)

(n = 3367)

P value

Number of RRT activations during admission, median (IQR)

1 (1–1)

1 (1–1)

0.24

Patients with multiple RRT activations during admission, n (%)

473 (17.8)

629 (18.7)

0.38

RRT activations/1000 admissions

21.5

19.3

0.12

Most recent vital signs

 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean (SD)

121 (29)

124 (32)

0.11

 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean (SD)

70 (15)

71 (16)

0.05

 Heart rate, beats/minute, mean (SD)

98 (30)

102 (30)

< 0.001

 Temperature, °C, mean (SD)

36.8 (0.7)

36.8 (0.7)

0.28

 Oxygen saturation, %, mean (SD)

94 (5)

94 (5)

0.66

Most recent laboratory values

 White blood cell count, ×109/L, median (IQR)

10.1 (7.1–14.4)

10.7 (7.4–14.9)

< 0.01

 Hemoglobin, g/L, mean (SD)

106.8 (22.9)

108.1 (22.6)

0.03

 Platelets, ×109/L, mean (SD)

225.4 (126.6)

229.6 (134.7)

0.22

 Potassium, mmol/L, mean (SD)

4.1 (0.7)

4.1 (0.7)

0.87

 Creatinine, μmol/L, median (IQR)

83 (60–142)

84 (60–142)

0.48

 Urea, mmol/L, median (IQR)

7.4 (4.7–12.9)

7.6 (4.9–12.9)

0.18

 Lactate, mmol/L, median (IQR)

2.2 (1.7–3.1)

2.2 (1.7–3.1)

0.92

 Albumin, g/L, mean (SD)

27.1 (6.8)

26.9 (6.8)

0.20

 INR, median (IQR)

1.2 (1.1–1.4)

1.2 (1.1–1.4)

0.62

Reason for call, n (%)

< 0.001

 Respiratory distress

604 (22.7)

927 (27.5)

 

 Tachycardia/bradycardia/arrhythmia

395 (14.9)

643 (19.1)

 

 Altered level of consciousness

485 (18.3)

537 (15.9)

 

 Hypotension

356 (13.4)

388 (11.5)

 

 Hypertension

40 (1.5)

122 (3.6)

 

 Airway concern

90 (3.4)

124 (3.6)

 

 Seizure

30 (1.1)

30 (0.9)

 

 Worried about patient

336 (12.7)

304 (9.1)

 

 Other

152 (5.7)

152 (4.5)

 

 Unknown

168 (6.3)

140 (4.1)

 

Latency from concerning symptom/sign onset to RRT activation

< 0.001

 < 1 h

2151 (81.0)

2402 (73.2)

 

 1–4 h

437 (16.4)

667 (20.3)

 

 5–8 h

11 (0.4)

109 (3.3)

 

 9–12 h

8 (0.3)

26 (0.8)

 

 13–18 h

6 (0.2)

22 (0.7)

 

 19–24 h

4 (0.2)

18 (0.6)

 

 25–36 h

4 (0.2)

9 (0.3)

 

 37–48 h

2 (0.1)

2 (0.1)

 

  > 48 h

33 (0.4)

29 (0.9)

 

RRT response time, minutes, median (IQR)

5 (3–7)

5 (3–7)

0.74

  1. Abbreviations: RRT Rapid Response Team, ICU Intensive care unit, INR International normalized ratio
  2. Boldface font indicates statistical significance